Olfactory sensory experience regulates gliomagenesis via neuronal IGF1

• Published in: Nature (London) 2022-06, Vol.606 (7914), p.550-556
• Main Authors: Chen, Pengxiang, Wang, Wei, Liu, Rui, Lyu, Jiahui, Zhang, Lei, Li, Baizhou, Qiu, Biying, Tian, Anhao, Jiang, Wenhong, Ying, Honggang, Jing, Rui, Wang, Qianqian, Zhu, Keqing, Bai, Ruiliang, Zeng, Linghui, Duan, Shumin, Liu, Chong
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 13/1; 13/31; 13/51; 14/19; 14/32; 14/35; 38/23; 45/91; 631/136; 631/378/2624; 631/67/1922; 631/67/327; 631/67/70; 64/60; Acoustics; Animals; Artificial chromosomes; Brain; Cancer; Circuits; Glial stem cells; Glioma; Growth factors; Humanities and Social Sciences; Hypotheses; Insulin; Insulin-like growth factor I; Living conditions; Lymphocytes; multidisciplinary; Nervous system; Neurons; Odorant receptors; Odors; Olfaction; Olfactory bulb; Olfactory pathways; Olfactory receptor neurons; Physiology; Predators; Receptors; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Sensory stimuli; Stimuli; Tumors
• ISSN: 0028-0836; 1476-4687
• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04719-9

Animals constantly receive various sensory stimuli, such as odours, sounds, light and touch, from the surrounding environment. These sensory inputs are essential for animals to search for food and avoid predators, but they also affect their physiological status, and may cause diseases such as cancer. Malignant gliomas—the most lethal form of brain tumour 1 —are known to intimately communicate with neurons at the cellular level 2 , 3 . However, it remains unclear whether external sensory stimuli can directly affect the development of malignant glioma under normal living conditions. Here we show that olfaction can directly regulate gliomagenesis. In an autochthonous mouse model that recapitulates adult gliomagenesis 4 – 6 originating in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), gliomas preferentially emerge in the olfactory bulb—the first relay of brain olfactory circuitry. Manipulating the activity of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) affects the development of glioma. Mechanistically, olfaction excites mitral and tufted (M/T) cells, which receive sensory information from ORNs and release insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) in an activity-dependent manner. Specific knockout of Igf1 in M/T cells suppresses gliomagenesis. In addition, knocking out the IGF1 receptor in pre-cancerous mutant OPCs abolishes the ORN-activity-dependent mitogenic effects. Our findings establish a link between sensory experience and gliomagenesis through their corresponding sensory neuronal circuits. A mouse model of gliomagenesis reveals that olfaction can directly regulate the genesis of gliomas, showing that sensory experience and gliomagenesis are linked and providing insight into the neural circuitry involved.