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Manufacturing and Testing of Actively Cooled Test Limiters for TEXTOR Made of an LPPS Tungsten-Coated TZM Heat Sink
To investigate the erosion and redeposition phenomena of fusion-related materials under stationary conditions, actively cooled test limiters were developed for the Tokamak Experiment for Technology Oriented Research (TEXTOR). The test limiters allow experiments under stationary conditions within a p...
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Published in: | Fusion technology 1998-08, Vol.34 (1), p.18-27 |
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container_title | Fusion technology |
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creator | Hohenauer, Wolfgang Bolt, Harald Linke, Jochen Malléner, Werner K. W. M. |
description | To investigate the erosion and redeposition phenomena of fusion-related materials under stationary conditions, actively cooled test limiters were developed for the Tokamak Experiment for Technology Oriented Research (TEXTOR). The test limiters allow experiments under stationary conditions within a plasma pulse length of 10 s. Heat loads of typically 10 MW/m
2
are removed by pressurized water; the volume flow is 10 m
3
/h, the pressure is 15 bar, and the minimum coefficient of heat transfer is nearly 70 000 W/m
2
·K. The limiters were manufactured as low-pressure plasma-spraying thermally sprayed tungsten-coated heat sinks made of the molybdenum alloy TZM. The required properties of the tungsten coating were developed by the use of a statistically based optimization routine. Optimized, actively cooled limiters were successfully tested in Forschungszentrum Jülich's Material Research Ion Beam Test Facility (MARION) with hydrogen beams. Maximum heat loads of up to ~17 MW/m
2
were applied without any failure of either the heat sink or the cooling system. The steady state of the surface temperature was measured within 2 s. Analytical and numerical models describing the effects of heat load distribution and spatial temperatures were found to be in excellent agreement with numerical predictions. In an additional experiment, loss of coolant was simulated. Transition boiling was generated, and after repeated heat loads higher than 10 MW/m
2
, cavitational damage of the heat sink occurred. Concerning the material selection for heat sinks of hypervapotrons and other cooling systems based on enhanced boiling of the cooling liquid, this result might be of special interest. |
doi_str_mv | 10.13182/FST98-A50 |
format | article |
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2
are removed by pressurized water; the volume flow is 10 m
3
/h, the pressure is 15 bar, and the minimum coefficient of heat transfer is nearly 70 000 W/m
2
·K. The limiters were manufactured as low-pressure plasma-spraying thermally sprayed tungsten-coated heat sinks made of the molybdenum alloy TZM. The required properties of the tungsten coating were developed by the use of a statistically based optimization routine. Optimized, actively cooled limiters were successfully tested in Forschungszentrum Jülich's Material Research Ion Beam Test Facility (MARION) with hydrogen beams. Maximum heat loads of up to ~17 MW/m
2
were applied without any failure of either the heat sink or the cooling system. The steady state of the surface temperature was measured within 2 s. Analytical and numerical models describing the effects of heat load distribution and spatial temperatures were found to be in excellent agreement with numerical predictions. In an additional experiment, loss of coolant was simulated. Transition boiling was generated, and after repeated heat loads higher than 10 MW/m
2
, cavitational damage of the heat sink occurred. Concerning the material selection for heat sinks of hypervapotrons and other cooling systems based on enhanced boiling of the cooling liquid, this result might be of special interest.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0748-1896</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.13182/FST98-A50</identifier><identifier>CODEN: FUSTE8</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>La Grange Park, IL: Taylor & Francis</publisher><subject>Applied sciences ; Controled nuclear fusion plants ; Energy ; Energy. Thermal use of fuels ; Exact sciences and technology ; Installations for energy generation and conversion: thermal and electrical energy ; Magnetic confinement and equilibrium ; Physics ; Physics of gases, plasmas and electric discharges ; Physics of plasmas and electric discharges ; Plasma interactions (nonlaser) ; Plasma-wall interactions; boundary layer effects ; Plasma-wall interactions; boundary layer effects; plasma sheaths ; Theory, design, and computerized simulation ; Tokamaks</subject><ispartof>Fusion technology, 1998-08, Vol.34 (1), p.18-27</ispartof><rights>Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 1998</rights><rights>1998 INIST-CNRS</rights><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c335t-ce0b6d14ac568a962c92fd2caacab42c857b55bc80ebaefd6d2e29171e7102b83</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c335t-ce0b6d14ac568a962c92fd2caacab42c857b55bc80ebaefd6d2e29171e7102b83</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=2332984$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hohenauer, Wolfgang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bolt, Harald</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Linke, Jochen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Malléner, Werner K. W. M.</creatorcontrib><title>Manufacturing and Testing of Actively Cooled Test Limiters for TEXTOR Made of an LPPS Tungsten-Coated TZM Heat Sink</title><title>Fusion technology</title><description>To investigate the erosion and redeposition phenomena of fusion-related materials under stationary conditions, actively cooled test limiters were developed for the Tokamak Experiment for Technology Oriented Research (TEXTOR). The test limiters allow experiments under stationary conditions within a plasma pulse length of 10 s. Heat loads of typically 10 MW/m
2
are removed by pressurized water; the volume flow is 10 m
3
/h, the pressure is 15 bar, and the minimum coefficient of heat transfer is nearly 70 000 W/m
2
·K. The limiters were manufactured as low-pressure plasma-spraying thermally sprayed tungsten-coated heat sinks made of the molybdenum alloy TZM. The required properties of the tungsten coating were developed by the use of a statistically based optimization routine. Optimized, actively cooled limiters were successfully tested in Forschungszentrum Jülich's Material Research Ion Beam Test Facility (MARION) with hydrogen beams. Maximum heat loads of up to ~17 MW/m
2
were applied without any failure of either the heat sink or the cooling system. The steady state of the surface temperature was measured within 2 s. Analytical and numerical models describing the effects of heat load distribution and spatial temperatures were found to be in excellent agreement with numerical predictions. In an additional experiment, loss of coolant was simulated. Transition boiling was generated, and after repeated heat loads higher than 10 MW/m
2
, cavitational damage of the heat sink occurred. Concerning the material selection for heat sinks of hypervapotrons and other cooling systems based on enhanced boiling of the cooling liquid, this result might be of special interest.</description><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Controled nuclear fusion plants</subject><subject>Energy</subject><subject>Energy. Thermal use of fuels</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Installations for energy generation and conversion: thermal and electrical energy</subject><subject>Magnetic confinement and equilibrium</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Physics of gases, plasmas and electric discharges</subject><subject>Physics of plasmas and electric discharges</subject><subject>Plasma interactions (nonlaser)</subject><subject>Plasma-wall interactions; boundary layer effects</subject><subject>Plasma-wall interactions; boundary layer effects; plasma sheaths</subject><subject>Theory, design, and computerized simulation</subject><subject>Tokamaks</subject><issn>0748-1896</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1998</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNptkM9LwzAUx3tQcE4v_gU5iAehmqS_0uMYmxM6Jq6CeCmvaTqibTKTVNl_b7dOT57eg_f5fnl8PO-K4DsSEEbv5-s8Zf4kwifeCCch8wlL4zPv3Np3jEOW4mTk2SWorgbuOiPVBoGqUC6s2--6RhPu5JdodmiqdSOGE8pkK50wFtXaoHz2mq-e0RIqsQ-AQtnT0xrlndpYJ5Q_1eD2wbclWghwaC3Vx4V3WkNjxeVxjr2X-SyfLvxs9fA4nWQ-D4LI-VzgMq5ICDyKGaQx5SmtK8oBOJQh5SxKyigqOcOiBFFXcUUFTUlCREIwLVkw9m6G3q3Rn13_etFKy0XTgBK6swWN44jFNO3B2wHkRltrRF1sjWzB7AqCi4PL4uCy6F328PWxFSyHpjaguLR_CRoENGVhj0UDJlXvqYVvbZqqcLBrtPnNBP_U_wD944fO</recordid><startdate>19980801</startdate><enddate>19980801</enddate><creator>Hohenauer, Wolfgang</creator><creator>Bolt, Harald</creator><creator>Linke, Jochen</creator><creator>Malléner, Werner K. W. M.</creator><general>Taylor & Francis</general><general>American Nuclear Society</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JG9</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19980801</creationdate><title>Manufacturing and Testing of Actively Cooled Test Limiters for TEXTOR Made of an LPPS Tungsten-Coated TZM Heat Sink</title><author>Hohenauer, Wolfgang ; Bolt, Harald ; Linke, Jochen ; Malléner, Werner K. W. M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c335t-ce0b6d14ac568a962c92fd2caacab42c857b55bc80ebaefd6d2e29171e7102b83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1998</creationdate><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Controled nuclear fusion plants</topic><topic>Energy</topic><topic>Energy. Thermal use of fuels</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Installations for energy generation and conversion: thermal and electrical energy</topic><topic>Magnetic confinement and equilibrium</topic><topic>Physics</topic><topic>Physics of gases, plasmas and electric discharges</topic><topic>Physics of plasmas and electric discharges</topic><topic>Plasma interactions (nonlaser)</topic><topic>Plasma-wall interactions; boundary layer effects</topic><topic>Plasma-wall interactions; boundary layer effects; plasma sheaths</topic><topic>Theory, design, and computerized simulation</topic><topic>Tokamaks</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hohenauer, Wolfgang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bolt, Harald</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Linke, Jochen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Malléner, Werner K. W. M.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><jtitle>Fusion technology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hohenauer, Wolfgang</au><au>Bolt, Harald</au><au>Linke, Jochen</au><au>Malléner, Werner K. W. M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Manufacturing and Testing of Actively Cooled Test Limiters for TEXTOR Made of an LPPS Tungsten-Coated TZM Heat Sink</atitle><jtitle>Fusion technology</jtitle><date>1998-08-01</date><risdate>1998</risdate><volume>34</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>18</spage><epage>27</epage><pages>18-27</pages><issn>0748-1896</issn><coden>FUSTE8</coden><abstract>To investigate the erosion and redeposition phenomena of fusion-related materials under stationary conditions, actively cooled test limiters were developed for the Tokamak Experiment for Technology Oriented Research (TEXTOR). The test limiters allow experiments under stationary conditions within a plasma pulse length of 10 s. Heat loads of typically 10 MW/m
2
are removed by pressurized water; the volume flow is 10 m
3
/h, the pressure is 15 bar, and the minimum coefficient of heat transfer is nearly 70 000 W/m
2
·K. The limiters were manufactured as low-pressure plasma-spraying thermally sprayed tungsten-coated heat sinks made of the molybdenum alloy TZM. The required properties of the tungsten coating were developed by the use of a statistically based optimization routine. Optimized, actively cooled limiters were successfully tested in Forschungszentrum Jülich's Material Research Ion Beam Test Facility (MARION) with hydrogen beams. Maximum heat loads of up to ~17 MW/m
2
were applied without any failure of either the heat sink or the cooling system. The steady state of the surface temperature was measured within 2 s. Analytical and numerical models describing the effects of heat load distribution and spatial temperatures were found to be in excellent agreement with numerical predictions. In an additional experiment, loss of coolant was simulated. Transition boiling was generated, and after repeated heat loads higher than 10 MW/m
2
, cavitational damage of the heat sink occurred. Concerning the material selection for heat sinks of hypervapotrons and other cooling systems based on enhanced boiling of the cooling liquid, this result might be of special interest.</abstract><cop>La Grange Park, IL</cop><pub>Taylor & Francis</pub><doi>10.13182/FST98-A50</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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source | Taylor and Francis Science and Technology Collection |
subjects | Applied sciences Controled nuclear fusion plants Energy Energy. Thermal use of fuels Exact sciences and technology Installations for energy generation and conversion: thermal and electrical energy Magnetic confinement and equilibrium Physics Physics of gases, plasmas and electric discharges Physics of plasmas and electric discharges Plasma interactions (nonlaser) Plasma-wall interactions boundary layer effects Plasma-wall interactions boundary layer effects plasma sheaths Theory, design, and computerized simulation Tokamaks |
title | Manufacturing and Testing of Actively Cooled Test Limiters for TEXTOR Made of an LPPS Tungsten-Coated TZM Heat Sink |
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