Inclusion of condition in natural capital assessments is critical to the implementation of marine nature-based solutions

• Published in: The Science of the total environment 2022-09, Vol.838 (Pt 2), p.156026-156026, Article 156026
• Main Authors: Watson, Stephen C.L., Watson, Gordon J., Beaumont, Nicola J., Preston, Joanne
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: blue carbon; carbon sequestration; case studies; ecological restoration; Ecological status; economic valuation; Ecosystem condition; Ecosystem services; ecosystems; environment; habitat conservation; Habitat restoration; habitats; issues and policy; littoral zone; macroalgae; Natural capital; Nature-based solutions; oysters; remediation; salt marshes; seagrasses; sediments; Water framework directive
• ISSN: 0048-9697; 1879-1026
• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156026

Current approaches to measure ecosystem services (ES) within natural capital (NC) and nature-based solutions (NbS) assessments are generally coarse, often using a single figure for ecosystem services (e.g., nutrient remediation or blue carbon sequestration) applied to the local or national habitat stock, which fails to take account of local ecosystem conditions and regional variability. As such, there is a need for improved understanding of the link between habitat condition and ES provision, using comparable indicators in order to take more informed management decisions. Here the UK, Solent Marine Sites (SEMS) is used as a case study system to demonstrate how Water Framework Directive (WFD) ‘ecological status’ and other indicators of ecosystem condition (state or quality) can be coupled with habitat extent information to deliver a more precise locally-tailored NC approach for active coastal and marine habitat restoration. Habitat extent and condition data are collected for seven NbS relevant coastal habitats (littoral sediment, mat-forming green macroalgae, subtidal sediment, saltmarsh, seagrass, reedbeds and native oyster beds). The workflow includes: 1) biophysical assessment of regulatory ES; 2) monetary valuation; and 3) compilation of future scenarios of habitat restoration and creation. The results indicate that incorporating classifications by condition indices into local NC extent accounts improved ES benefits by 11–67%. This suggests that omitting condition from NC assessments could lead to undervaluation of ES benefits. Future scenarios of restoration in the SEMS also show that the additional regulatory benefits of reaching ‘Good’ ecological status are £376 million annually, but could be as much as £1.218 billion if ‘High‘status and all habitat creation targets were met. This evidence of the potential value of restoration and importance of including condition indices in assessments is highly relevant to consider when investing in water ecosystems conservation and restoration as called for by the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2021−2030), and more generally in global nutrient neutrality and blue carbon policy strategies. [Display omitted] •Natural capital (NC) condition accounts are assessed using nature-based solution (NbS) scenarios.•Links between habitat condition (ecological status) and ecosystem services supply are explored.•Integrating habitat condition indices improved ecosystem service (ES) benefits by 11–67%.•Not including condition