Evaluation of antiobesity and hepatorenal protective activities of Salvia officinalis extracts pre-treatment in high-fat diet-induced obese rats

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international 2022-10, Vol.29 (49), p.75043-75056
• Main Authors: Othman, Mohamed S., Khaled, Azza M., Aleid, Ghada M., Fareid, Mohamed A., Hameed, Reda A., Abdelfattah, Mohamed S., Aldin, Doaa Ezz, Moneim, Ahmed E. Abdel
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anti-inflammatory agents; Antioxidants; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Biomarkers; Body weight; Body weight gain; Creatinine; Diet; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental science; Evaluation; Flavonoids; Gene expression; High fat diet; IL-1β; Inflammation; Insulin; Interleukins; Leptin; Lipid peroxidation; Lipids; Liver; Nitric oxide; NRF2 protein; Obesity; Oxidative stress; Peroxidation; Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors; Renal function; Research Article; Salvia officinalis; Simvastatin; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Tumor necrosis factor-α; Urea; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21092-2

The present study evaluated the effects of Hail Salvia officinalis total extract (SOTE) and its high flavonoid fraction (SOHFF) on the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and hepatorenal damage in rats. Salvia officinalis  plants were collected from Hail region, Saudi Arabia. Rats were fed HFD and supplemented orally with SOTE (250 mg kg −1 ) or SOHFF (100 mg kg −1 ) or simvastatin (SVS; 10 mg kg −1 ) every day for 8 weeks. Compared to the controls, HFD-induced obesity led to significant increases in body weight, body weight gained, blood insulin, leptin, cardiac enzymes (LDH and CPK) activity, and atherogenic index (AI). HFD rats also showed higher levels of hepatic and renal function biomarkers (ALT, urea, and creatinine), as well as lower levels of PPARγ and Nrf2-gene expression and a disrupted lipid profile. Moreover, HFD rats had lower levels of hepatic and renal antioxidant biomarkers (CAT, GPx, SOD, GR, and GSH), accompanied by higher levels of hepatic and renal lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), and inflammatory mediators (interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)). In addition, histological examination of hepatic and renal tissues revealed histopathological changes that validated the biochemical findings. Compared to HFD group, SOTE and SOHFF treatment led to marked amelioration of all the aforementioned parameters. Collectively, supplementation with SOTE and SOHFF effectively reversed HFD-induced alterations through its antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Hence, SOTE and SOHFF have therapeutic potential in controlling obesity and related pathologies.