Pesticides groundwater modelling relies on input data characterised by a high intrinsic variability: Is the resulting risk for groundwater credible?

• Published in: The Science of the total environment 2022-09, Vol.839, p.156314-156314, Article 156314
• Main Authors: Ullucci, Sonia, Menaballi, Luca, Di Giorgi, Sabrina, Luini, Mara, Riva, Cristian, Schlitt, Christian, Clementi, Emilio, Azimonti, Giovanna
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Drinking water; Groundwater; PEARL; PELMO; Pesticides modelling; Regulation
• ISSN: 0048-9697; 1879-1026
• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156314

In the framework of Regulation (EC) 1107/2009, concerning the placing of plant protection products (PPP) on the market, FOCUS models are used to predict active substances concentration in groundwater. The predicted environmental concentration in groundwater (PECGW) are influenced by active substance specific parameters, namely DT50, KOM and Freundlich coefficient (1/n), whose minimal variation in certain combinations of intervals significantly affects PECGW output. Considering that minimal variation are intrinsic in all laboratory studies, this approach may lead to not acceptable variations in the results for regulatory purposes. In the present article, PECGW were calculated for all maize crop scenarios, using 808 dummy active substances with different combinations of DT50, KOM and 1/n values, in order to quantify the influence of each single parameter on the final result of PEARL and PELMO models. The results obtained were used to create a classification system for the input parameters KOM and DT50 in order to minimise the input uncertainty effects. Even if this approach is scientifically viable yet, due to its conservative nature, it cannot be considered suitable in the regulatory framework, where acceptability of an active substance is strictly related to the limit value of 0.1 μg/L. Nevertheless, this classification system could represent an important screening or preliminary assessment to plan pesticide monitoring programmes. Based on the results of this analysis, it is believed that the assessment of pesticide leaching into groundwater should be revised to take into account this variability. Considering that both PEARL and PELMO FOCUS models deal with interaction between a chemical and a complex system like soil and weather, the selection of input data cannot pretend to rely on single specific number. Considering that intrinsic uncertainty cannot be eliminated from experimental work, a revision of the criteria used to identify the proper input data and a thorough revision of the actual groundwater modelling is recommended. [Display omitted] •DT50 and KOM: values minimal variations are intrinsic in all laboratory studies.•PECGW calculation results are excessively dependent on DT50 and KOM values.•Groundwater modelling criteria for input selection should consider their variability.•KOM and DT50 classification system could represent an important screening assessment.