Toll-like receptors and damage-associated molecular patterns in the pathogenesis of heart transplant rejection

Significant strides have been made in our understanding of the immune system and its role in cardiac transplant rejection. Despite the growing knowledge of immune responses, the mortality rate following cardiac transplantation remains grim. Related to procedural and pathological complications, toll-...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecular and cellular biochemistry 2022-12, Vol.477 (12), p.2841-2850
Main Authors: Kesler, Alice, Agrawal, Devendra K., Thankam, Finosh G.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptive immunity
Analysis
Biochemistry
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Cardiology
Complications and side effects
Damage patterns
Graft rejection
Heart
Heart rate
Heart transplantation
Heart transplants
Immune response
Immune system
Innate immunity
Life Sciences
Medical Biochemistry
Mortality
Oncology
Pathogenesis
Prevention
Proteins
Rejection
Signaling
Toll-like receptors
Transplantation
Vitamin E
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Description
Summary:Significant strides have been made in our understanding of the immune system and its role in cardiac transplant rejection. Despite the growing knowledge of immune responses, the mortality rate following cardiac transplantation remains grim. Related to procedural and pathological complications, toll-like receptor (TLR) and damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) signaling is the most direct and earliest interface between tissue integration and the innate immune response. This in turn can activate an adaptive immune response that further damages myocardial tissue. Furthermore, relevant literature on the status of DAMPs in the context of heart-transplantation remains limited, warranting further attention in clinical and translational research. This review aims to critically appraise the perspectives, advances, and challenges on DAMP-mediated innate immune response in the immune-mediated rejection of cardiac transplantation. Detailed analysis of the influence of TLR and DAMP signaling in mounting the immune response against the transplanted heart holds promise for improving outcomes through early detection and prevention of varied forms of organ rejection.
ISSN:0300-8177
1573-4919
DOI:10.1007/s11010-022-04491-4