Longitudinal Associations of High‐Volume and Vigorous‐Intensity Exercise With Hip Fracture Risk in Men

• Published in: Journal of bone and mineral research 2022-08, Vol.37 (8), p.1562-1570
• Main Authors: Korhonen, Marko T., Kujala, Urho M., Kettunen, Jyrki, Korhonen, Olga V., Kaprio, Jaakko, Sarna, Seppo, Törmäkangas, Timo
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: AGING; EXERCISE; FRACTURE PREVENTION; Fractures; Hip; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; OSTEOPOROSIS; Statistical analysis
• ISSN: 0884-0431; 1523-4681
• DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4624

ABSTRACT Maintenance of vigorous exercise habits from young to old age is considered protective against hip fractures, but data on fracture risk in lifelong vigorous exercisers are lacking. This longitudinal cohort study examined the hazard of hip fractures in 1844 male former athletes and 1216 population controls and in relation to exercise volume and intensity in later years. Incident hip fractures after age 50 years were identified from hospital discharge register from 1972 to 2015. Exercise and covariate information was obtained from questionnaires administered in 1985, 1995, 2001, and 2008. Analyses were conducted using extended proportional hazards regression model for time‐dependent exposures and effects. During the mean ± SD follow‐up of 21.6 ± 10.3 years, 62 (3.4%) athletes and 38 (3.1%) controls sustained a hip fracture. Adjusted hazard ratio (HR) indicated no statistically significant difference between athletes and controls (0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55–1.29). In subgroup analyses, adjusted HRs for athletes with recent high (≥15 metabolic equivalent hours [MET‐h]/week) and low (