Assessment of Gadolinium and Iodine Concentrations in Kidney Stones and Correlation with Contrast Agent Exposure, Stone Matrix Composition, and Patient Demographic Factors

• Published in: Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology 2022-09, Vol.73, p.127022-127022, Article 127022
• Main Authors: Day, Patrick L, Wermers, Michelle, Pazdernik, Vanessa, Bornhorst, Joshua, Jannetto, Paul J.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Gadolinium; Iodine; Kidney Stones; Smoking
• ISSN: 0946-672X; 1878-3252
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127022

Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) and Iodinated contrast media are widely utilized to increase medical imaging sensitivity. With predominant renal elimination, the potential for the incorporation of contrast agent derived gadolinium and iodine into kidney stones remains largely uncharacterized. The study objective was to measure gadolinium and iodine concentrations within kidney stones. Observed elemental concentrations were correlated with prior contrast agent administration, kidney stone composition, age, gender, and smoking status. Kidney stones from 96 patients were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to determine stone composition. Residual kidney stone material was digested and analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry to determine gadolinium and iodine concentrations. Univariable and multivariable lognormal linear regression were performed to study the relationship between kidney stone element concentrations and contrast agent administration, kidney stone composition, age, gender, and smoking status. Median iodine and gadolinium stone concentrations were 6.4 (range 0.6-3997) and 0.1 (range ≤0.013-113.5) µg/g respectively. Elevated gadolinium was strongly associated with GBCA history with a hazard rate of 2.20 (95% CI 1.14-3.25P