Normalising impacts in an environmental systems analysis of wastewater systems

In an environmental systems analysis of four wasterwater systems, the environmental aspects were prioritised by normalisation of predicted impacts from the studied systems to the total impacts from society. Priority Group 1 (highest priority) consisted of discharges (flows) of nitrogen, cadmium, lea...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water science and technology 2001-01, Vol.43 (5), p.293-300
Main Authors: Kaerrman, E, Joensson, H
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agricultural land
Agriculture
Applied sciences
Arable land
Cadmium
Composting
Conservation of Natural Resources
Continental surface waters
Decision Making
Earth sciences
Earth, ocean, space
Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics
Environment Design
Environmental aspects
Environmental impact
Environmental planning
Eutrophication
Exact sciences and technology
Heavy metals
Humans
Impact prediction
Irrigation systems
Mercury
Mercury (metal)
Metals
Metals, Heavy - analysis
Mineral nutrients
Models, Theoretical
Natural water pollution
Nitrogen
Nutrients
Phosphorus
Plants
Pollution
Pollution, environment geology
Sewage
Social Conditions
Systems analysis
Urine
Waste Disposal, Fluid
Wastewater
Wastewater analysis
Wastewater treatment
Water treatment and pollution
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Summary:In an environmental systems analysis of four wasterwater systems, the environmental aspects were prioritised by normalisation of predicted impacts from the studied systems to the total impacts from society. Priority Group 1 (highest priority) consisted of discharges (flows) of nitrogen, cadmium, lead and mercury to water, recycling of nitrogen and phosphorus to arable land and flows of heavy metals to arable land. A conventional wastewater system (A) was compared to irrigation of energy forest with biologically treated wastewater (B), liquid composting of toilet wastewater (C) and a conventional system supplemented with urine separation (D). Analysing the aspects in priority group one, systems B-D improved the management of plant nutrients and decreased the flow of heavy metals to water, while the flow to arable land increased, especially for system B. The suggested method is useful in municipal environmental planning and when choosing a wastewater system.
ISSN:0273-1223
1996-9732
DOI:10.2166/wst.2001.0309