Emerging role of exosomes in hematological malignancies

Hematological malignancies are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms in the blood characterized by dysregulated hematopoiesis and classified as leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma. The occurrence and progression of hematological malignancies depend on transformed hematopoietic stem cells, which refract to...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Clinical and experimental medicine 2023-08, Vol.23 (4), p.1123-1136
Main Authors: Pandian, Sureshbabu Ram Kumar, Vijayakumar, Kevin Kumar, Kunjiappan, Selvaraj, Babkiewicz, Ewa, Maszczyk, Piotr
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biological activity
Cell membranes
Chemotherapy
Drug delivery
Exosomes
Hematology
Hematopoietic stem cells
Hemopoiesis
Immunotherapy
Internal Medicine
Lymphoma
Malignancy
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Monoclonal antibodies
Multiple myeloma
Myeloma
Oncology
Review Article
Vesicles
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Summary:Hematological malignancies are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms in the blood characterized by dysregulated hematopoiesis and classified as leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma. The occurrence and progression of hematological malignancies depend on transformed hematopoietic stem cells, which refract to chemotherapy and often cause relapse. In recent years, monoclonal antibody therapies are preferred for hematopoietic cancers, owing to their inherent mechanisms of action and improved outcomes. However, efficient drug delivery methods and the establishment of novel biomarkers are currently being investigated and warranted to improve the outcome of patients with hematological malignancies. For instance, non-viral-mediated, natural carriers have been suggested for latent intracellular drug delivery. In this purview, repurposing small vesicles (e.g., exosomes) is considered a latent approach for myeloma therapy. Exosomes (nano-vesicles) have many advantages in that they are secreted by various animals and plants and become sought after for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. The size of the cellular membrane of exosomes (30–150 nm) facilitates ligand binding and targeted delivery of the loaded molecules. Furthermore, exosomes can be modified to express specific target moiety on their cell membrane and can also be featured with desired biological activity, thereby potentially employed for various convoluted diseases, including hematological malignancies. To advance the current knowledge, this review is focused on the source, composition, function and surface engineering of exosomes pertaining to hematological malignancies.
ISSN:1591-9528
1591-8890
1591-9528
DOI:10.1007/s10238-022-00850-z