Exploring the nature of EKC hypothesis in Asia’s top emitters: role of human capital, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption

The present study uses both carbon dioxide emission and ecological footprints as proxies for environmental degradation to examine the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for the top three emitters from Asia, i.e., China, India, and Japan. To this end, the autoregressive distributed lag model for...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental science and pollution research international 2022-12, Vol.29 (59), p.88557-88576
Main Authors: Jena, Pabitra Kumar, Mujtaba, Aqib, Joshi, Debanam Priyam Priyadarshi, Satrovic, Elma, Adeleye, Bosede Ngozi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aquatic Pollution
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Autoregressive models
Carbon dioxide
Carbon Dioxide - analysis
Carbon dioxide emissions
China
Conservation of Natural Resources
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecological footprint
Economic Development
Economic growth
Ecotoxicology
Emission analysis
Emitters
Energy consumption
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental degradation
Environmental Health
Environmental impact
Environmental Kuznets curve
Environmental protection
Environmental quality
Environmental science
Footprint analysis
Human capital
Humans
Hypotheses
Renewable Energy
Renewable resources
Research Article
Waste Water Technology
Water Management
Water Pollution Control
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Summary:The present study uses both carbon dioxide emission and ecological footprints as proxies for environmental degradation to examine the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for the top three emitters from Asia, i.e., China, India, and Japan. To this end, the autoregressive distributed lag model for time series and panel estimation is used for a period spanning over 1980–2016. For carbon dioxide emission, China presents an inverted-U shape of the environmental Kuznets curve, while a U-shape relationship is found for India and Japan. Similarly, when the hypothesis is tested with the ecological footprint, Japan offers an inverted U-shape and U-shaped association is detected for China and India. The panel analysis indicates the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve with both proxies of environmental degradation. Besides, human capital and renewable energy promote environmental sustainability, while non-renewable energy use hinders environmental quality. The findings of this study suggest that in order to meet the combined goals of economic growth and environmental protection, the three economies, i.e., China, India, and Japan, should employ renewable energy–enabled technology. Graphical abstract
ISSN:0944-1344
1614-7499
1614-7499
DOI:10.1007/s11356-022-21551-w