Long‐term unsustainable patterns of development rather than recent deforestation caused the emergence of Orthocoronavirinae species

We investigated whether a set of phylogeographical tracked emergent events of Orthocoronavirinae were related to developed, urban and polluted environments worldwide. We explored coronavirus records in response to climate (rainfall parameters), population density, CO2 emission, Human Developmental I...

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Published in:Environmental microbiology 2022-10, Vol.24 (10), p.4714-4724
Main Authors: Ribeiro, Sérvio P., Barh, Debmalya, Andrade, Bruno Silva, José Santana Silva, Raner, Costa‐Rezende, Diogo Henrique, Fonseca, Paula Luize Camargos, Tiwari, Sandeep, Giovanetti, Marta, Alcantara, Luiz Carlos Junior, Azevedo, Vasco Ariston, Ghosh, Preetam, Diniz‐Filho, José Alexandre F., Loyola, Rafael, Almeida, Maria Fernanda Brito, Góes‐Neto, Aristóteles
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Birds
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide emissions
Coronaviruses
Deforestation
Emergence
Emission
Emissions
Genomes
Human populations
Polluted environments
Population density
Poverty
Precipitation
Rainfall
Seasonal variations
Seasonality
Wild animals
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Summary:We investigated whether a set of phylogeographical tracked emergent events of Orthocoronavirinae were related to developed, urban and polluted environments worldwide. We explored coronavirus records in response to climate (rainfall parameters), population density, CO2 emission, Human Developmental Index (HDI) and deforestation. We contrasted environmental characteristics from regions with spillovers or encounters of wild Orthocoronavirinae against adjacent areas having best‐preserved conditions. We used all complete sequenced CoVs genomes deposited in NCBI and GISAID databases until January 2021. Except for Deltacoronavirus, concentrated in Hong Kong and in birds, the other three genera were scattered all over the planet, beyond the original distribution of the subfamily, and found in humans, mammals, fishes and birds, wild or domestic. Spillovers and presence in wild animals were only reported in developed/densely populated places. We found significantly more occurrences reported in places with higher HDI, CO2 emission, or population density, along with more rainfall and more accentuated seasonality. Orthocoronavirinae occurred in areas with significantly higher human populations, CO2 emissions and deforestation rates than in adjacent locations. Intermediately disturbed ecosystems seemed more vulnerable for Orthocoronavirinae emergence than forested regions in frontiers of deforestation. Sadly, people experiencing poverty in an intensely consumerist society are the most vulnerable.
ISSN:1462-2912
1462-2920
DOI:10.1111/1462-2920.16121