Cardiac involvement in two rare neuromuscular diseases: LAMA2-related muscular dystrophy and SELENON-related myopathy

• Published in: Neuromuscular disorders : NMD 2022-08, Vol.32 (8), p.635-642
• Main Authors: Bouman, Karlijn, Gubbels, Madelief, van den Heuvel, Frederik M.A., Groothuis, Jan T., Erasmus, Corrie E., Nijveldt, Robin, Udink ten Cate, Floris E.A., Voermans, Nicol C.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Cardiology; LAMA2; Merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A (MDC1A); SELENON; SEPN1; ventricular dysfunction
• ISSN: 0960-8966; 1873-2364
• DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2022.06.004

•We report an extensive overview on cardiac complications in LAMA2-MD and SELENON-RM.•Primary left ventricular dysfunction is frequently reported in LAMA2-MD.•Secondary right ventricular dysfunction is frequently reported in SELENON-RM.•Cardiac complications are reported both in paediatric and adult patients.•Cardiorespiratory surveillance is advised to early detect cardiac manifestations. LAMA2-related muscular dystrophy (LAMA2-MD) and SELENON(SEPN1)-related myopathy (SELENON-RM) are rare neuromuscular diseases caused by mutations in the LAMA2 and SELENON (SEPN1) gene, respectively. Systematic reviews on cardiac features in both neuromuscular diseases are lacking. This scoping review aims to elucidate the cardiac involvement in LAMA2-MD or SELENON-RM. Three electronic databases (PubMed, Embase and Cochrane) were searched. All studies, case reports and case series with information on cardiac features in LAMA2-MD or SELENON-RM patients were included. Study selection and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers. 31 Articles on LAMA2-MD and 17 articles on SELENON-RM met the inclusion criteria, resulting in the inclusion of 131 LAMA2-MD and 192 SELENON-RM cases. In 41% of LAMA2-RM cases, a cardiac abnormality was present. Left ventricular systolic dysfunction and arrhythmia were most frequently described. In 15% of SELENON-RM cases, a cardiac abnormality was reported, of which pulmonary hypertension, including right ventricular dysfunction secondary to pulmonary failure, was most prevalent. We conclude that in LAMA2-MD primary left ventricular dysfunction and in SELENON-RM secondary right ventricular dysfunction are frequently reported. Optimal cardiorespiratory surveillance by screening of asymptomatic patients every two years with ECG, Holter and echocardiography is necessary for early detection and/or treatment of cardiac manifestations.