Mapping correlated neurological deficits after stroke to distributed brain networks

Understanding the relationships between brain organization and behavior is a central goal of neuroscience. Traditional teaching emphasizes that the human cerebrum includes many distinct areas for which damage or dysfunction would lead to a unique and specific behavioral syndrome. This teaching impli...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Brain Structure and Function 2022-12, Vol.227 (9), p.3173-3187
Main Authors: Siegel, Joshua S., Shulman, Gordon L., Corbetta, Maurizio
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Behavior
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Brain architecture
Brain injury
Cell Biology
Cerebrum
Cognitive ability
Disease
Entropy
Mental disorders
Nervous system
Neural networks
Neurological diseases
Neurology
Neurosciences
Review
Stroke
Structure-function relationships
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Summary:Understanding the relationships between brain organization and behavior is a central goal of neuroscience. Traditional teaching emphasizes that the human cerebrum includes many distinct areas for which damage or dysfunction would lead to a unique and specific behavioral syndrome. This teaching implies that brain areas correspond to encapsulated modules that are specialized for specific cognitive operations. However, empirically, local damage from stroke more often produces one of a small number of clusters of deficits and disrupts brain-wide connectivity in a small number of predictable ways (relative to the vast complexity of behavior and brain connectivity). Behaviors that involve shared operations show correlated deficits following a stroke, consistent with a low-dimensional behavioral space. Because of the networked organization of the brain, local damage from a stroke can result in widespread functional abnormalities, matching the low dimensionality of behavioral deficit. In alignment with this, neurological disease, psychiatric disease, and altered brain states produce behavioral changes that are highly correlated across a range of behaviors. We discuss how known structural and functional network priors in addition to graph theoretical concepts such as modularity and entropy have provided inroads to understanding this more complex relationship between brain and behavior. This model for brain disease has important implications for normal brain-behavior relationships and the treatment of neurological and psychiatric diseases.
ISSN:1863-2653
1863-2661
0340-2061
DOI:10.1007/s00429-022-02525-7