The engineered probiotics for the treatment of chronic diseases: A systematic review

• Published in: Journal of food biochemistry 2022-10, Vol.46 (10), p.e14343-n/a
• Main Authors: Barati, Meisam, Jabbari, Masoumeh, Abdi Ghavidel, Afshin, Nikmehr, Payman, Arzhang, Pishva, Aynehchi, Aydin, Babashahi, Mina, Mosharkesh, Erfan, Roshanravan, Neda, Shabani, Mahdi, Davoodi, Sayed Hossein
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: chronic diseases; engineered probiotic; oral tolerance
• ISSN: 0145-8884; 1745-4514
• DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14343

Engineered probiotics (EPs) are a group of probiotics whose proteome is manipulated by biotechnological techniques. EPs have attracted a lot of attention in recent researches for preventing and treating chronic diseases. The current study has been conducted to provide an overview regarding the EPs application in the treatment of chronic disease by a comprehensive systematic review of the published articles up to January 2022. To retrieve the related publications, three databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Sciences, and Scopus) were searched systematically. Finally, all human (n = 2) and animal (n = 37) studies were included. The included articles evaluated the effects of EPs on treatment of arthritis (n = 3), cancer (n = 2), autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE; n = 6), Parkinson disease (PD; n = 1), Alzheimer diseases (AD; n = 1), colitis (n = 11), celiac disease (n = 1), diabetes (n = 8) and cardiovascular disease (CVD; n = 6). Induction of oral tolerance (OT) is the most important mechanism of EPs action in the treatment of chronic disease. Providing oral vaccine and bioactive compounds are the other mechanisms of EPs action. Practical applications The current systematic review gathered evidence about the application of EPs in the treatment of chronic diseases. Evidence suggests that EPs have very broad and potent effects in the treatment of chronic and even genetic diseases. HSP‐65‐releasing EPs in the treatment of arthritis, CVD, and EAE. (1) Sampling of the released HSP‐65 by DCs. (2) Migration of the DCs to MLNs and interact with naïve B and T cells to produce B and T‐reg cells. (3) Migration of B and T‐reg cells to treat arthritic joints. (4) Migration of B and T‐reg cells to treat CVD. (5) Migration of B and T‐reg cells to treat EAE. B‐reg cell, regulatory B cells; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DCs, dendritic cells; EAE, experimental encephalomyelitis; HSP‐65, heat shock protein 65; EPs, engineered probiotics; MLNs, mesenteric lymph nodes; T‐reg cells, regulatory T cells.