Therapeutic effects of statins on osteoarthritis: A review

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive joint disease. The etiology of OA is considered to be multifactorial. Currently, there is no definitive treatment for OA, and the existing treatments are not very effective. Hypercholesterolemia is considered a novel risk factor for the development of OA. Statins...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of cellular biochemistry 2022-08, Vol.123 (8), p.1285-1297
Main Authors: Saberianpour, Shirin, Abolbashari, Samaneh, Modaghegh, Mohamad H. S., Karimian, Maryam S., Eid, Ali H., Sathyapalan, Thozhukat, Sahebkar, Amirhossein
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Arthritis
Atorvastatin
Biosynthesis
Cartilage
Cartilage diseases
Caspase
Cholesterol
Etiology
Hypercholesterolemia
Inflammation
Interleukins
Joint diseases
Joints (anatomy)
Matrix metalloproteinase
Matrix metalloproteinases
Metabolites
Mevalonic acid
Osteoarthritis
Reductases
Risk analysis
Risk factors
Signal transduction
Simvastatin
Stat1 protein
Statins
therapy
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Summary:Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive joint disease. The etiology of OA is considered to be multifactorial. Currently, there is no definitive treatment for OA, and the existing treatments are not very effective. Hypercholesterolemia is considered a novel risk factor for the development of OA. Statins act as a competitive inhibitor of the β‐hydroxy β‐methylglutaryl‐CoA (HMG‐CoA) reductase and are widely used to manage hypercholesterolemia. Inhibition of HMG‐CoA reductase results in reduced synthesis of a metabolite named mevalonate, thereby reducing cholesterol biosynthesis in subsequent steps. By this mechanism, statins such as atorvastatin and simvastatin could potentially have a preventive impact on joint cartilage experiencing osteoarthritic deterioration by reducing serum cholesterol levels. Atorvastatin can protect cartilage degradation following interleukin‐1β‐stimulation. Atorvastatin stimulates the STAT1‐caspase‐3 signaling pathway that was shown to be responsible for its anti‐inflammatory effects on the knee joint. Simvastatin had chondroprotective effects on OA in vitro by reducing matrix metalloproteinases expression patterns. In this study, we tried to review the therapeutic effects of statins on OA.
ISSN:0730-2312
1097-4644
DOI:10.1002/jcb.30309