Patterns of Antinuclear Antibodies in a New Variant of Endemic Pemphigus in El Bagre, Colombia, Colocalizing with Antigens against MIZAP, ARVCF, p0071, and Desmoplakins I and II

• Published in: The journal of applied laboratory medicine 2022-10, Vol.7 (6), p.1366-1378
• Main Authors: Abreu-Velez, Ana Maria, Upegui-Zapata, Yulieth Alexandra, Valencia-Yepes, Carlos Andres, Upegui-Quiceño, Eduardo, Howard, Michael S
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antibodies, Antinuclear; Antigens; Armadillo Domain Proteins - metabolism; Autoantibodies; Case-Control Studies; Cell Adhesion Molecules - metabolism; Colombia - epidemiology; Desmoplakins - metabolism; Endemic Diseases; Humans; Pemphigus - diagnosis; Pemphigus - epidemiology; Phosphoproteins - metabolism; Skin - metabolism
• ISSN: 2576-9456; 2475-7241; 2475-7241
• DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfac050

A new variant of endemic pemphigus foliaceus (EPF) has been documented, El Bagre-EPF. We aimed to study antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) in these patients. We performed a case-control study, testing 57 patients affected by this disease and 57 controls from the endemic area matched by work activity and demographics. The participants were evaluated clinically as well as by detection of ANAs utilizing HEp-2 cells. We utilized Triton-induced partial permeabilization of the cell membranes, allowing for the visualization of intracellular and intranuclear antigens. We also immunoadsorbed the ANAs using synthetic peptides to elucidate the nature of the ANA. We detected the presence of a new pattern of ANAs. The new pattern of ANAs was seen in 24% of the El Bagre-EPF patients, compared to our controls (P < 0.001). The new ANA pattern consisted of a thin nuclear and nucleolar rim, finely speckled nucleolar, nuclear membrane pores stains, and a positive intranuclear stain directed against small nuclear components, as well as cytoplasmic deposits of autoantibodies were also observed. The new ANAs pattern perfectly colocalized with commercial antibodies to miocardium-enriched zonula occlusans-1 associated protein (MIZAP), armadillo repeat gene deleted in velo-cardio-facial syndrome (ARVCF), p0071 and desmoplakins I-II (all from Progen Biotechnik). Additionally in 14% of patients with El Bagre-EPF forme fruste and hyperpigmented clinical presentations, a classic homogeneous ANA pattern was observed with autoantibodies specific for Ro, La, Sm, and double-stranded DNA antigens. Immunoadsorption with peptide-based sequences from MIZAP, ARVCF, p0071 and desmoplakins I-II removed the new ANA pattern. We describe a new pattern of ANAs in El Bagre-EPF, colocalizing with autoantibodies directed against MIZAP, ARVCF, p0071, and desmoplakins I-II.