Updates in 2022 on the staging of testicular germ cell tumors

Testicular cancer is the most common solid neoplasm of adult men between the ages of 20 and 40 years. Germ cell tumors account for 95% of all testicular tumors. The assessment of staging is essential to guide further management of patients with testicular cancer and to prognosticate cancer-related o...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Human pathology 2022-10, Vol.128, p.152-160
Main Authors: Canete Portillo, Sofia, Rais-Bahrami, Soroush, Magi-Galluzzi, Cristina
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abdomen
Adult
Biomarkers
Biomarkers, Tumor
Cancer therapies
Chemotherapy
Classification
Clinical stage
Germ cell tumor
Humans
Lymphatic system
Lymphovascular invasion
Male
Medical prognosis
Metastasis
Neoplasm Invasiveness - pathology
Neoplasm Staging
Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal - pathology
Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal - therapy
Orchiectomy
Pathologic stage
Patients
Radiation therapy
Rete testis invasion
Spermatic cord involvement
Surveillance
Testicular cancer
Testicular Neoplasms - pathology
Testicular Neoplasms - surgery
Testis cancer
Tumors
Young Adult
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Summary:Testicular cancer is the most common solid neoplasm of adult men between the ages of 20 and 40 years. Germ cell tumors account for 95% of all testicular tumors. The assessment of staging is essential to guide further management of patients with testicular cancer and to prognosticate cancer-related outcomes. Postradical orchiectomy treatment options, including adjuvant therapy and active surveillance, vary based on the anatomical extent of disease, serum tumor markers, pathologic diagnosis, and imaging. This review provides an update on the germ cell tumor staging system adopted by the 8th edition of the American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) Staging Manual, treatment implications, risk factors, and predictors of outcomes.
ISSN:0046-8177
1532-8392
DOI:10.1016/j.humpath.2022.07.009