The susceptibility of cardiac arrhythmias after spinal cord crush injury in rats

• Published in: Experimental neurology 2022-11, Vol.357, p.114200-114200, Article 114200
• Main Authors: Fernandes, Silvia, Oatman, Emily, Weinberger, Jeremy, Dixon, Alethia, Osei-Owusu, Patrick, Hou, Shaoping
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac - complications; Autonomic dysreflexia; Autonomic Dysreflexia - etiology; Blood Pressure - physiology; Cardiac electrophysiology; Crush Injuries - complications; Dobutamine; Heart rate variability; Rats; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Injuries - complications; Sympathetic stimulation
• ISSN: 0014-4886; 1090-2430
• DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114200

High-level spinal cord injury (SCI) often interrupts supraspinal regulation of sympathetic input to the heart. Although it is known that dysregulated autonomic control increases the risk for cardiac disorders, the mechanisms mediating SCI-induced arrhythmias are poorly understood. Here, we employed a rat model of complete spinal cord crush injury at the 2nd/3rd thoracic (T2/3) level to investigate cardiac rhythm disorders resulting from SCI. Rats with T9 injury and naïve animals served as two controls. Four weeks after SCI, rats were implanted with a radio-telemetric device for electrocardiogram and blood pressure monitoring. During 24-h recordings, heart rate variability in rats with T2/3 but not T9 injury exhibited a significant reduction in the time domain, and a decrease in power at low frequency but increased power at high frequency in the frequency domain which indicates reduced sympathetic and increased parasympathetic outflow to the heart. Pharmacological blockade of the sympathetic or parasympathetic branches confirmed the imbalance of cardiac autonomic control. Activation of sympatho-vagal input during the induction of autonomic dysreflexia by colorectal distention triggered various severe arrhythmic events in T2/3 injured rats. Meanwhile, intravenous infusion of the β1-adrenergic receptor agonist, dobutamine, caused greater incidence of arrhythmias in rats with T2/3 injury than naïve and T9 injured controls. Together, the results indicate that high-level SCI increases the susceptibility to developing cardiac arrhythmias likely owing to compromised autonomic homeostasis. The T2/3 crush model is appropriate for studying abnormal cardiac electrophysiology resulting from SCI. •High-level crush SCI caused cardiac autonomic imbalance, and reduced re heart rate variability.•Activation of cardiac parasympathetic activity during autonomic dysreflexia triggered arrhythmias.•Pharmacological simulation of cardiac sympathetic activation increased arrhythmia incidence.•The susceptibility to arrhythmias is prevalent after SCIa at high levels due to compromised autonomic homeostasis.