Salivary Steroid Collection in Children Under Conditions Replicating Home Sampling

Measurement of salivary glucocorticoids is an accepted method for testing adrenal function but there are few data on stability during home collection. Current salivary collection techniques require active participation or present a choking hazard and are unsuitable for young children. We sought to c...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2022-11, Vol.107 (11), p.3128-3136
Main Authors: Tonge, Joseph J, Keevil, Brian G, Craig, Jessica N, Whitaker, Martin J, Ross, Richard J, Elder, Charlotte J
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Analysis
Caregivers
Child
Child, Preschool
Cortisone
Cortisone - analysis
Glucocorticoids - analysis
Humans
Hydrocortisone - analysis
Mass spectrometry
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Saliva - chemistry
Specimen Handling
Steroids - analysis
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Summary:Measurement of salivary glucocorticoids is an accepted method for testing adrenal function but there are few data on stability during home collection. Current salivary collection techniques require active participation or present a choking hazard and are unsuitable for young children. We sought to compare different salivary collection methods; assess the stability of salivary glucocorticoids under conditions replicating home collection; and assess patient tolerability and caregiver acceptability of a salivary collection device for young children, a swab encased in an infant pacifier (SaliPac). Six healthy adults collected salivary samples using a Salivette Cortisol, passive drool, and SalivaBio at night, waking, and 3 Pm for five days. Time to collect 1-mL saliva using the SalivaBio and SaliPac and caregiver acceptability were assessed in 30 children younger than 6 years. Saliva was stored at 4 °C, room temperature (RT), and 50 °C for 24, 48, 72 hours and 1 week to replicate potential postage conditions. Salivary cortisol and cortisone concentrations were measured by mass spectrometry. There was no difference in salivary glucocorticoid concentrations using the 3 collection methods. Salivary cortisol and cortisone were stable for 72 hours at RT and 4 °C, and repeated freeze-thaw cycles did not cause significant degradation. In children younger than 6 years the SalivaBio and SaliPac were well tolerated and collected sufficient saliva for salivary steroid analysis in less than 4 minutes. Salivette, passive drool, and SalivaBio collect samples with comparable salivary cortisol and cortisone concentrations, which are stable under conditions replicating home collection. SaliPac is an acceptable device for salivary sampling in young children.
ISSN:0021-972X
1945-7197
DOI:10.1210/clinem/dgac419