Immunohistochemical detection of urea transporter-A in the tear-producing part of the lacrimal system

• Published in: Annals of anatomy 2022-10, Vol.244, p.151991-151991, Article 151991
• Main Authors: Jäger, Franziska, Paulsen, Friedrich, Bergua, Antonio, Jungbauer, Rebecca, Hammer, Christian M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Dry eye disease; Dry eye syndrome; Dry Eye Syndromes - metabolism; Humans; Lacrimal apparatus; Lacrimal Apparatus - pathology; Lacrimal functional unit; Meibomian gland dysfunction; Meibomian Glands - metabolism; Mice; Ocular surface; Paraffin - metabolism; Swine; Tear film; Tears; Urea; Urea transporter; Urea Transporters
• ISSN: 0940-9602; 1618-0402
• DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2022.151991

Urea constitutes a physiological and presumably well-regulated constituent of tear fluid. Its lacrimal concentration is significantly decreased in dry eye disease. Urea homeostasis within the tear fluid may also depend on the expression of urea transporters. The present study reports on the expression patterns of urea transporter A (UT-A) in the cells and tissues of the ocular surface and the lacrimal glands. UT-A immunohistochemistry was performed on 5 µm paraffin sections of paraformaldehyde-fixed human, porcine, and murine corneas, eyelids, and lacrimal glands (n = 5 each). UT-A immunostaining was largely comparable in all three species. UT-A signals were detected in the corneal epithelium and endothelium, in the conjunctival epithelium, in the acinar cells and excretory ducts of the lacrimal gland, Meibomian gland, and in the glands of Moll and Zeis. The Meibomian glands and the glands of Zeis exhibited a marked UT-A-positive staining in the basal cells of the alveolar epithelia and in the ductal epithelia. UT-A shows comparable expression patterns to UT-B (previous study) at the ocular surface and in the lacrimal glands, as determined by immunohistochemistry. The presence of both urea transporters in the lacrimal functional unit suggests that they are essential for the normal function of the lacrimal system and the integrity of the tear film. Potential alterations in urea transporter expression might be associated with the significant reduction of urea found in the tear fluid of dry eye patients. They may thus play an important role in the pathogenesis of dry eye disease.