Luminescence nanomaterials for biosensing applications

• Published in: Luminescence (Chichester, England) England), 2023-07, Vol.38 (7), p.1011-1025
• Main Authors: Kumar, Vaneet, Bhatt, Diksha, Saruchi, Pandey, Sadanand
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Afterglows; Biomedical materials; Biosafety; Biosensors; Cancer therapies; carbon nanotube; Carbon nanotubes; Diamonds; gold nanoparticles; Graphene; immunosensors; Light dispersion; Luminescence; luminescence nanoparticles; Medical imaging; nanodiamonds; Nanomaterials; Nanoparticles; Nanostructure; Nanotechnology; Nanotubes; Near infrared radiation; Optical properties; polymer nanoparticles; Polymers; Quantum dots; Receptors; SARS‐CoV‐2; semiconductor quantum dots; Sensors; Tracking
• ISSN: 1522-7235; 1522-7243
• DOI: 10.1002/bio.4373

Due to their capacity to immobilize more bioreceptor parts at reduced volumes, nanomaterials have emerged as potential tools for increasing the sensitivity to specific molecules. Furthermore, carbon nanotubes, gold nanoparticles, polymer nanoparticles, semiconductor quantum dots, nanodiamonds, and graphene are among the nanomaterials that are under investigation. Due to the fast development of this field of research, this review summarizes the classification of biosensors using the main receptors and design of biosensors. Numerous studies have concentrated on the manipulation of persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) in biosensing, cell tracking, bioimaging, and cancer therapy due to the effective removal of autofluorescence interference from tissues and the ultra‐long near‐infrared afterglow emission. As luminescence has a unique optical property, it can be detected without constant external illumination, preventing autofluorescence and light dispersion through tissues. These successes have sparked an increasing interest in creating novel PLNP types with the desired superior properties and multiple applications. In this review, we emphasize the most recent developments in biosensing, imaging, and image‐guided therapy whilst summarizing the research on synthesis methods, bioapplications, biomembrane modification, and the biosafety of PLNPs. Finally, the remaining issues and difficulties are examined together with prospective future developments in the biomedical application field. Luminescence nanoparticles have indeed been engineered in a variety of ways to address critical issues in advanced biological applications, such as selective and sensitive biosensors, reliable cancer‐targeted image analysis, and precise stem cell monitoring and stem cell‐dependent therapy.