Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: A Literature Review

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is characterized by recurring wheals that last 6 weeks or longer without an identifiable cause. The estimated point prevalence of CSU worldwide is 1%. Furthermore, it has a significant impact on quality of life in both adults and pediatric patients and their famil...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology 2022-12, Vol.63 (3), p.381-389
Main Authors: Greiner, Benjamin, Nicks, Savannah, Adame, Michael, McCracken, Jennifer
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Allergology
Antihistamines
Biological products
Care and treatment
Children
Clinical trials
Diagnosis
Drug approval
Health aspects
Homeopathy
Immunoglobulin E
Immunology
Internal Medicine
Literature reviews
Materia medica and therapeutics
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Monoclonal antibodies
Morbidity
Olopatadine hydrochloride
Oral administration
Pathophysiology
Patients
Pediatrics
Protein-tyrosine kinase
Quality of life
Therapeutics
Urticaria
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Summary:Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is characterized by recurring wheals that last 6 weeks or longer without an identifiable cause. The estimated point prevalence of CSU worldwide is 1%. Furthermore, it has a significant impact on quality of life in both adults and pediatric patients and their families. Although it is most often a self-limited disease, some patients have urticaria refractory to first-line treatment: second-generation H1 antihistamines. In these patients, the use of targeted monoclonal antibodies is necessary. While omalizumab is the only Food and Drug Administration-approved monoclonal antibody for CSU, others, including ligelizumab, dupilumab, benralizumab, and several orally administered Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitors, are also promising therapeutics for reducing the morbidity of CSU. Novel therapies, among others discussed here, are rapidly being developed with new trials and therapeutics being released nearly monthly. Thus, we performed a scoping literature review of randomized controlled trials studying targeted therapies for CSU. We also discuss the pathophysiology, diagnosis, prognosis, and future research directions in CSU.
ISSN:1559-0267
1080-0549
1559-0267
DOI:10.1007/s12016-022-08952-y