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Mechanism of microbiologically induced calcite precipitation for cadmium mineralization
Microbiologically induced calcite precipitation (MICP) technology shows potential for remediating heavy metal pollution; however, the underlying mechanism of heavy metal mineralization is not well-understood, limiting the application of this technology. In this study, we targeted Cd contamination (u...
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Published in: | The Science of the total environment 2022-12, Vol.852, p.158465-158465, Article 158465 |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
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Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | Microbiologically induced calcite precipitation (MICP) technology shows potential for remediating heavy metal pollution; however, the underlying mechanism of heavy metal mineralization is not well-understood, limiting the application of this technology. In this study, we targeted Cd contamination (using 15:1, 25:1, and 50:1 Ca2+/Cd2+ molar ratios) and showed that the ureolytic bacteria Sporosarcina ureilytica ML-2 removed >99.7 % Cd2+ with a maximum fixation capacity of 75.61 mg-Cd/g-CaCO3 and maximum precipitation production capacity of 135.99 mg-CaCO3/mg-cells. Quantitative PCR analysis showed that Cd2+ inhibited the expression of urease genes (ureC, ureE, ureF, and ureG) by 70 % in the ML-2 strain. Additionally, the pseudo-first-order kinetics model (R2 = 0.9886), intraparticle diffusion model (R2 = 0.9972), and Temkin isotherm model (R2 = 0.9828) described the immobilization process of Cd2+ by bio calcite in MICP-Cd system. The three Cd2+ mineralization products generated by MICP were attributed to surface precipitation (Cd2+ → Cd(OH)2), direct binding with the CO32−/substitution calcium site of calcite (Cd2+ → CdCO3, otavite), and calcite lattice vacancy anchors (Cd2+ → (CaxCd1-x)CO3). Our findings improve the understanding of the mechanisms by which MICP can achieve in situ stabilization of heavy metals.
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•Maximum mineralized capacity reached 75.61 mg-Cd/g-CaCO3 by MICP at 24 h.•Maximum precipitation yield induced by ML-2 strain was 135 mg-CaCO3/mg-cell.•qPCR revealed the effect of Cd2+ on the key genes of urease metabolism.•The adoption kinetics and isotherm models of calcite fixed Cd2+ were verified.•Three chemical species of mineralizing Cd2+ by MICP were demonstrated. |
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ISSN: | 0048-9697 1879-1026 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158465 |