Solid‐state Nanopores: Chemical Modifications, Interactions, and Functionalities

• Published in: Chemistry, an Asian journal an Asian journal, 2022-11, Vol.17 (22), p.e202200775-n/a
• Main Authors: Yang, Lei, Hu, Jun, Li, Min‐Chao, Xu, Ming, Gu, Zhi‐Yuan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Chemistry; detection; modification; Selectivity; Solid-state nanopore; Stability
• ISSN: 1861-4728; 1861-471X
• DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200775

Nanopore technology is a burgeoning detection technology for single‐molecular sensing and ion rectification. Solid‐state nanopores have attracted more and more attention because of their higher stability and tunability than biological nanopores. However, solid‐state nanopores still suffer the drawbacks of low signal‐to‐noise ratio and low resolution, which hinder their practical applications. Thus, developing operatical and useful methods to overcome the shortages of solid‐state nanopores is urgently needed. Here, we summarize the recent research on nanopore modification to achieve this goal. Modifying solid‐state nanopores with different coating molecules can improve the selectivity, sensitivity, and stability of nanopores. The modified molecules can introduce different functions into the nanopores, greatly expanding the applications of this novel detection technology. We hope that this review of nanopore modification will provide new ideas for this field. Solid‐state nanopore modification as a novel approach has excellent performance. This review summarizes the improvement of selectivity and stability after nanopore modification based on the sensing mechanism and inherent properties of different modified molecules and analytes.