Stem cell genes in atheromatosis: The role of Klotho, HIF1α, OCT4, and BMP4

During fetal development, shear stress regulates several aspects of vascular development. Alterations in signaling pathways due to disturbed flow in atheroprone regions closely mirror phenomena seen during embryogenesis. This flow‐dependent dysregulation of developmental genes appears to promote ath...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:IUBMB life 2022-10, Vol.74 (10), p.1003-1011
Main Authors: Mylonas, Konstantinos S., Karangelis, Dimos, Androutsopoulou, Vasiliki, Chalikias, George, Tziakas, Dimitrios, Mikroulis, Dimitrios, Iliopoulos, Dimitrios C., Nikiteas, Nikolaos, Schizas, Dimitrios
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Angiogenesis
Apoptosis
Arteriosclerosis
Atherogenesis
Atheromatosis
Atherosclerosis
BMP4
Bone morphogenetic protein 4
Calcification (ectopic)
Cell cycle
Cell migration
Embryogenesis
Extracellular matrix
Fetuses
HIF1α
Inflammation
Klotho
Klotho protein
Muscle contraction
Nitric oxide
Oct-4 protein
OCT4
Oxidative stress
Phagocytes
Phenotypes
Shear stress
Smooth muscle
Stem cell genes
Stem cells
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:During fetal development, shear stress regulates several aspects of vascular development. Alterations in signaling pathways due to disturbed flow in atheroprone regions closely mirror phenomena seen during embryogenesis. This flow‐dependent dysregulation of developmental genes appears to promote atherogenesis by mediating inflammatory phenomena, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, cell migration, and oxidative stress. Indeed, several stem cell genes have been implicated in vascular health and atheromatosis. Klotho is key in maintaining endothelial integrity, reducing oxidative stress, and sustaining endothelial nitric oxide production. In atherosclerotic lesions, OCT4 mediates the conversion of vascular smooth muscle cells from contractile to a de‐dedifferentiated proliferative phenotype with phagocytic ability. HIF1α drives atherosclerotic plaque progression by promoting intraplaque angiogenesis. BMP4 promotes osteochondrogenic development and arterial calcification. Strategic extracellular matrix changes are also seen during the various phases of atherosclerosis. The aforementioned conceptual framework explains how proatherogenic inflammation develops in response to low shear stress. In the present review, we explored the effect of cardinal atheroprotective (Klotho, OCT4) and proatherogenic (HIF1α, BMP4) genes in mediating proatherogenic inflammation.
ISSN:1521-6543
1521-6551
DOI:10.1002/iub.2667