tRNA-Derived Small RNAs: Novel Insights into the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases

tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are non-coding RNAs with diverse functions in various diseases. Although research on tsRNAs has focused on their roles in cancer, such as gene expression regulation to influence cancer progression and realize clinical effects, a growing number of studies are investig...

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Published in:Journal of cardiovascular translational research 2023-04, Vol.16 (2), p.300-309
Main Authors: Wang, Shuxin, Luo, Zhengyang, Yuan, Ludong, Lin, Xiaofang, Tang, Yuting, Yin, Leijing, Liang, Pengfei, Jiang, Bimei
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Biomedicine
Cardiology
Cardiovascular Diseases
Gene Expression Regulation
Human Genetics
Humans
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Neoplasms
Review
RNA, Transfer - genetics
RNA, Transfer - metabolism
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Summary:tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are non-coding RNAs with diverse functions in various diseases. Although research on tsRNAs has focused on their roles in cancer, such as gene expression regulation to influence cancer progression and realize clinical effects, a growing number of studies are investigating the association of tsRNAs with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and pulmonary hypertension. tsRNA expression varies across these diseases and could be regulated by epigenetics, tsRNA structure, and tRNA-binding proteins. tsRNAs play key roles in CVD progression, including the regulation of protein synthesis, and the different mechanisms underlying these functional roles of tsRNAs have been elucidated. Furthermore, tsRNAs are potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in CVDs. In this review, we summarize the biogenesis, classification, and regulation of tsRNAs and their potential application for CVD diagnosis and therapy. We also highlight the current challenges and provide perspectives for further investigation. Graphical abstract
ISSN:1937-5387
1937-5395
DOI:10.1007/s12265-022-10322-0