Evaluation of periodontal status and cytokine response in children with familial Mediterranean fever or systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis

• Published in: Clinical oral investigations 2023-03, Vol.27 (3), p.1159-1166
• Main Authors: Acar, Buket, Demir, Selcan, Özşin-Özler, Cansu, Tan, Çağman, Özbek, Begüm, Yaz, İsmail, Karabulut, Erdem, Batu, Ezgi Deniz, Tezcan, İlhan, Nohutcu, Rahime M., Özen, Seza, Berker, Ezel
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anti-inflammatory agents; Arthritis; Arthritis, Juvenile; Child; Cytokines; Dentistry; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Familial Mediterranean Fever; Gingival Crevicular Fluid - chemistry; Gum disease; Humans; IL-1β; Inflammation; Inflammatory diseases; Interleukin 1; Interleukin 10; Interleukin 17; Interleukin 6; Interleukin 8; Medicine; Patients; Pediatrics; Tumor necrosis factor-α
• ISSN: 1436-3771; 1432-6981; 1436-3771
• DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04730-4

Objectives Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) and systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) are chronic inflammatory diseases and anti-inflammatory agents are used in their treatment. This study evaluates the periodontal status and cytokine response in pediatric patients with FMF or sJIA. Materials and methods Forty-eight FMF/sJIA patients were under treatment/control and in attack-free period; 20 systemically healthy children participated in the study. FMF/sJIA patients were divided into two subgroups based on the treatment they received: receiving anti-IL-1 therapy (anti-IL-1 ( +)) and not receiving anti-IL-1 therapy (anti-IL-1 ( −)). The clinical periodontal indices were recorded. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum samples were collected. Cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-1α, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IL-33) in GCF and serum were measured using ELISA kits. Results There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of GCF IL-1β and IL-1α levels although, BoP and GI were significantly lower in the anti-IL-1 ( +) group compared to the control group. GCF IL-10 level was higher in the anti-IL-1 ( −) group than in the control group; GCF IL-8 levels were lower in both FMF/sJIA subgroups versus controls. There was no significant difference between serum cytokine levels of FMF/sJIA subgroups. Conclusions Considering the significant decrease in GI, BoP, and GCF IL-8 levels in the anti-IL-1 ( +) group, it can be concluded that anti-IL-1 medications may suppress periodontal inflammation clinically and immunologically. Clinical relevance Anti-IL agents are not currently used in periodontal therapy. However, this study demonstrated the positive effect of anti-IL-1 medications on periodontal inflammation in pediatric patients with FMF or sJIA.