Associations of Secretory Activation Breast Milk Biomarkers with Breastfeeding Outcome Measures

The objective of this study was to explore associations between day 10 postpartum (D10) secretory activation biomarkers and the breastfeeding outcome measures. This prospective longitudinal descriptive study collected antepartum, D10, and day 60 postpartum (D60) questionnaire data and D10 milk sampl...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of pediatrics 2023-02, Vol.253, p.259-265.e2
Main Authors: Esquerra-Zwiers, Anita L., Mulder, Carly, Czmer, Lauren, Perecki, Anastasia, Goris, Emilie Dykstra, Lai, Ching Tat, Geddes, Donna
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biomarkers
Breast Feeding
citrate
Female
Humans
Infant
insufficient milk supply
Lactation
lactose
Milk, Human
Mothers
Potassium
Prospective Studies
protein
Sodium
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Summary:The objective of this study was to explore associations between day 10 postpartum (D10) secretory activation biomarkers and the breastfeeding outcome measures. This prospective longitudinal descriptive study collected antepartum, D10, and day 60 postpartum (D60) questionnaire data and D10 milk samples. Protein, lactose, and citrate were analyzed with enzymatic spectrophotometric assays. Sodium and potassium were analyzed with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometry. Group comparison data were analyzed using χ2, Fisher exact, and independent sample t tests, as appropriate, using SPSS for Mac (version 28). Participants (n = 92) provided a D10 breastmilk sample and completed D10 questionnaires, and 83 completed D60 questionnaires. Participants with D10 impaired secretory activation sodium (>23.0 mM) were more likely to report D10 perceived insufficient milk supply, χ2 = 7.002, P 
ISSN:0022-3476
1097-6833
DOI:10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.09.055