Comparison of the Physicochemical Properties, Antimicrobial Action, and Cytotoxicity of Ambroxol Hydrochloride, N-acetylcysteine, and Calcium Hydroxide Pastes

• Published in: European endodontic journal 2022-10, Vol.7 (3), p.217-222
• Main Authors: Pedro Henrique Souza Calefi, India de Azevedo Queiroz, Alcalde, Murilo, Oliveira, Sandra, Rodrigo Ricci Vivan, Weckwerth, Paulo Henrique, Augusto Shoji Kato, Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biofilms; Cytotoxicity; Fibroblasts; Microscopy
• ISSN: 2548-0839; 2548-0839
• DOI: 10.14744/eej.2022.30306

[LANGUAGE= "English"] Objective: To evaluate the solubility, pH, antimicrobial action, and cytotoxicity of ambroxol hydrochloride (AMB), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and calcium hydroxide (CH) pastes for use as intracanal medications.Methods: Solubility was determined by micro-CT, based on the paste volume remaining after immersion in water for 7 days. pH was measured by immersing acrylic tubes containing the pastes in ultrapure water and then measuring pH after 3 hours, 3 days, and 7 days. Antimicrobial action against Enterococcus faecalis was assessed based on the percentage of living cells, using the live/dead staining method under confocal microscopy. Cytotoxicity was assessed based on the cell viability of L929 fibroblast-like cells after 6, 24, and 48 hours. Cytotoxicity data were compared using the ANOVA and Tukey tests, and the antimicrobial data were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests. The significance level used was 5% (α=0.05).Results: The solubility values for all the study groups were significantly different (P