The immunoregulatory role of IL‐35 in patients with interstitial lung disease

• Published in: Immunology 2023-04, Vol.168 (4), p.610-621
• Main Authors: Osuna‐Gómez, Rubén, Barril, Silvia, Mulet, Maria, Zamora Atenza, Carlos, Millan‐Billi, Paloma, Pardessus, Ana, Brough, Douglas E., Sabzevari, Helen, Semnani, Roshanak T., Castillo, Diego, Vidal, Silvia
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biomarkers; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; CD4 antigen; CD4+ T cell; Correlation; Cytokines; Cytokines - analysis; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Fibrosis; Flow cytometry; Humans; IL‐35; Immune system; Immunoregulation; Inflammation; Inflammatory response; Interleukin-17; Lung diseases; Lung Diseases, Interstitial; Lymphocytes; Lymphocytes T; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Transforming growth factor-b
• ISSN: 0019-2805; 1365-2567
• DOI: 10.1111/imm.13596

Pulmonary fibrosis involves various types of immune cells and soluble mediators, including TGF‐β and IL‐35, a recently identified heterodimeric cytokine that belongs to the IL‐12 cytokine family. However, the effect of regulatory IL‐35 may play an important role in fibrotic diseases. The aim of this paper is to explore the immunoregulatory role of IL‐35 in the development of fibrosis in interstitial lung disease (ILD). To gain a better understanding of this issue, the concentrations of IL‐35 and different profibrotic cytokines in fibrotic (F‐ILD) and non‐fibrotic (NF‐ILD) patients by ELISA were compared to that of intracellular IL‐35 and IL‐17 on CD4+ T cells stimulated in the presence of BAL or with different ratios of recombinant IL‐35 (rIL‐35) and TGF‐β (rTGF‐β), which were evaluated by flow cytometry. We observed that BAL concentration of IL‐35 was lower in F patients (p