Experimental design of non-ionic hydrophobic DES-DLLME coupled with injector port silylation-GC–MS/MS for the quantitative determination of 13 bisphenols in food samples

• Published in: Food chemistry 2023-03, Vol.405, p.134778-134778, Article 134778
• Main Authors: Seetha, Bala Subrahanyam, Ganneru, Sireesha, Thati, Ramya, Mudiam, Mohana Krishna Reddy
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Bisphenols; Design of Experiment; DLLME; Injector Port Silylation; Measurement Uncertainty; NIHDES
• ISSN: 0308-8146; 1873-7072
• DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134778

•Ecofriendly NIHDES based DLLME approach was used as sample preparation.•Extraction parameters were optimized using DoE.•Auto-IPS/GC–MS/MS method for the determination of 13 bisphenols in food samples.•Method validated and measurement uncertainty estimated to evaluate its performance. Non-ionic hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent based DLLME method with thymol and camphor (1:1 mole ratio) as extraction solvent and acetonitrile as disperser solvent was developed for the determination of 13 bisphenols (BPs) in food commodities by auto IPS-GC–MS/MS. Further, the influential parameters pH, vortex time, and volume of NIHDES for extraction of 13 BPs were optimized by employing the design of experiment. The LOQ and recoveries were observed to be 0.1 ng mL−1, and 77.8–109.2%, respectively. The expanded uncertainty was found to be 4.8–18.0% for the developed and validated method, which was applied to food commodities to determine 13 BPs and their levels were in the range of 0.01–1.24 ng mL−1 in liquid foods (milk, water, and beverages) and 0.29–3.25 ng g−1 in meat samples (goat, chicken, and fish). The present green analytical method is highly suitable for the rapid determination of 13 BPs in food commodities for routine analysis.