Summary of research progress on separation and extraction of valuable metals from Bayer red mud

Bayer red mud is a strong alkaline solid waste discharged during alumina production. Due to large emissions and strong alkalinity, red mud is now mostly dammed or buried, which not only occupies huge land but also contaminates the surrounding ecosystem, causing the risk of collapse and landslide. In...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental science and pollution research international 2022-12, Vol.29 (60), p.89834-89852
Main Authors: Wang, Kun, Dou, Zhihe, Liu, Yan, Li, Xiaofei, Lv, Guozhi, Zhang, Ting-an
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aquatic Pollution
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecotoxicology
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental Health
Industrial Waste
Metallurgy
Metals
Recycling
Review Article
Waste Water Technology
Water Management
Water Pollution Control
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Summary:Bayer red mud is a strong alkaline solid waste discharged during alumina production. Due to large emissions and strong alkalinity, red mud is now mostly dammed or buried, which not only occupies huge land but also contaminates the surrounding ecosystem, causing the risk of collapse and landslide. In addition to its overall utilization in building materials, agriculture, the environment, and the chemical industry, red mud also contains valuable metals such as sodium, aluminum, iron, titanium, and scandium and is considered to be an important secondary resource. In this paper, the physicochemical properties and hazards of red mud are first introduced, and then, the overall utilization of red mud is summarized. Then, the latest research progress on the separation and extraction of valuable metals from red mud is reviewed in detail and a new comprehensive utilization method is recommended and evaluated. This paper also provides suggestions for the future development direction of the comprehensive utilization technology of red mud.
ISSN:0944-1344
1614-7499
DOI:10.1007/s11356-022-23837-5