Treating Biliary Tract Cancers: New Targets and Therapies

Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are rare and aggressive tumors that typically present at an advanced stage when surgical resection is no longer considered a therapeutic option. While gemcitabine and cisplatin have been the mainstay of treatment, unique chemotherapy combination strategies, targeted ther...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Drugs (New York, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2022-11, Vol.82 (17), p.1629-1647
Main Authors: Ho, Joseph, Fiocco, Constance, Spencer, Kristen
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abnormalities
Biliary tract
Biliary tract diseases
Cancer
Cancer therapies
Chemotherapy
Cholangiocarcinoma
Cisplatin
Clinical trials
Dehydrogenases
Epidermal growth factor
ErbB-2 protein
Fibroblast growth factor receptors
Gallbladder cancer
Gemcitabine
Growth factors
Immunotherapy
Internal Medicine
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
Leading Article
Medical prognosis
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Metastasis
Neutropenia
Pharmacology/Toxicology
Pharmacotherapy
Potassium
Receptors
Tumors
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Summary:Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are rare and aggressive tumors that typically present at an advanced stage when surgical resection is no longer considered a therapeutic option. While gemcitabine and cisplatin have been the mainstay of treatment, unique chemotherapy combination strategies, targeted therapies, and immunotherapies have had some clinical efficacy and remain promising areas for clinical research. The use of molecular profiling of BTCs has facilitated the development and subsequent clinical application of novel targeted therapy compounds. Among the many genomic alterations identified in BTCs, molecular abnormalities in the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and BRAF have been successfully targeted therapeutically in clinical trials. Furthermore, the expanded use of new chemotherapy combinations, targeted therapies, and immunotherapies into alternate clinical settings such as in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant spaces is an area of active investigation. The management of BTCs is rapidly evolving. In this article, we review the emerging targets and therapies in BTC.
ISSN:0012-6667
1179-1950
DOI:10.1007/s40265-022-01808-x