The association of iron status, supplement iron in the first‐trimester pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus: A nested case–control study

• Published in: The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research 2023-02, Vol.49 (2), p.597-605
• Main Authors: Lin, Ying, Wu, Chunli, An, Rongjing, Liu, Huixia, Chen, Mengshi, Tan, Hongzhuan, Chen, Lizhang, Deng, Jing
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Case-Control Studies; Child; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes, Gestational - epidemiology; Female; Ferritin; Ferritins; Gestational diabetes; gestational diabetes mellitus; hemoglobin; Humans; interaction; Iron; Iron - adverse effects; iron supplement; Maternal & child health; Pregnancy; Pregnancy complications; Pregnancy Trimester, First; serum iron
• ISSN: 1341-8076; 1447-0756
• DOI: 10.1111/jog.15509

Aims The objective of this study was to examine whether the level of iron and iron supplements in the first‐trimester pregnancy is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods This was a nested case–control study using data from an established cohort in the Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital (HPMCHH) in South China. A total of 119 patients with GDM and 238 controls were enrolled in the study. Iron status indicators were tested in early pregnancy. Information on iron supplements use was collected by questionnaires. Binary logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratio (OR). The relative excess risk of interaction (RERI) was applied to evaluate the interaction. Results We observed that pregnant women with normal ferritin levels (≥30 ng/ml) and iron supplements were associated with a 3.701‐fold increased risk of GDM (OR: 3.701, 95% CI: 1.689–8.112) compared with the ferritin