Three-year change in glycemic state and the future risk of incident hypertension among Iranian adults: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

• Published in: Journal of human hypertension 2023-10, Vol.37 (10), p.944-949
• Main Authors: Moazzeni, Seyyed Saeed, Dehghani, Soheil, Hasheminia, Mitra, Hizomi Arani, Reyhane, Azizi, Fereidoun, Hadaegh, Farzad
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 692/499; 692/699/2743/137/773; 692/699/75/243; Diabetes mellitus; Epidemiology; Fasting; Glucose; Glucose tolerance; Health Administration; Hypertension; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Population studies; Public Health; Risk factors
• ISSN: 1476-5527; 0950-9240; 1476-5527
• DOI: 10.1038/s41371-022-00788-5

The impact of 3-year change in glycemic state on the risk of hypertension among Tehranian adults aged ≥20 years was assessed. The study population included 1679 men and 2348 women who were non-diabetic normotensive at enrollment. The following categories were defined both at baseline visit and three years later (second visit): normoglycemia [normal fasting glucose (NFG) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT)] and prediabetes [impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)]. Changes in the categories, i.e., regression to normoglycemia, remaining in previous status, and progression to diabetes were assessed. Changes in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-hour plasma glucose (2hPG) categories were also considered separately. We used the Cox models adjusted for traditional hypertension risk factors to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During a median follow-up of 9.4 years, 485 men and 589 women developed hypertension. Among men, considering both FPG and 2hPG, compared to individuals remaining normoglycemic, changing from prediabetes to normoglycemia had a HR of 1.30 (95% CI: 0.98–1.71; P -value: 0.064). Defining changes by 2hPG showed that compared to remaining NGT, incident IGT (progression from NGT to IGT) had a significant association with increased risk of hypertension development by a HR of 1.61 (1.13–2.30). Among women, on the other hand, change in glycemic state generally didn’t show a significant association with incident hypertension. To sum up, change in glycemic state hadn’t a significant association with hypertension development among women; however, compared to remaining NGT, men with incident IGT had a significant higher risk.