The role of embryonic stem cells, transcription and growth factors in mammals: A review

• Published in: Tissue & cell 2023-02, Vol.80, p.102002-102002, Article 102002
• Main Authors: Bhat, Rayees Ahmad, Rafi, Humera, Tardiolo, Giuseppe, Fazio, Francesco, Aragona, Francesca, Zumbo, Alessandro, Coelho, Clarisse, D’Alessandro, Enrico
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Cell Differentiation - genetics; Embryonic Stem Cells; Growth factors; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Mammals; Mammals - genetics; Mammals - metabolism; Reproduction; Transcription factors; Transcription Factors - genetics; Transcription Factors - metabolism
• ISSN: 0040-8166; 1532-3072
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.102002

Mammals represent a relevant species in worldwide cultures with significant commercial value. These animals are considered an attractive large animal model for biomedical and biotechnology research. The development of large animal experimental models may open alternative strategies for investigating stem cells (SCs) physiology and potential application in the veterinary field. The embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are known to possess natural pluripotency that confers the ability to differentiate into various tissues in vivo and in vitro. These notable characteristics can be useful for research and innovative applications, including biomedicine, agriculture and industry. Transcription factors play a crucial role in preserving stem cell self-renewal, whereas growth factors are involved in both growth and differentiation. However, to date, many questions concerning pluripotency, cellular differentiation regulator genes, and other molecules such as growth factors and their interactions in many mammalian species remain unresolved. The purpose of this review is to provide an overall review regarding the study of ESCs in mammals and briefly discuss the role of transcription and growth factors. •Experimental large animal models as bovines can offer novel strategies for the application of stem cells in veterinary field.•Embryonic stem cells have been studied for their pluripotency and ability to differentiate into several tissues.•The isolation of embryonic stem cells in livestock species may open agricultural and medicinal applications due their potential use for selective gene manipulation.