Anomalous seafloor spreading of the Southeast Indian Ridge near the Amsterdam-St. Paul Plateau

The Amsterdam‐St. Paul Plateau is bisected by the intermediate‐rate spreading Southeast Indian Ridge, and numerous geophysical and tectonic anomalies arise from the interactions of the Amsterdam‐St. Paul hotspot and the spreading center. The plate boundary geometry on the hotspot platform evolves ra...

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Published in:Journal of Geophysical Research 2000-04, Vol.105 (B4), p.8243-8262
Main Authors: Scheirer, Daniel S., Forsyth, Donald W., Conder, James A., Eberle, Michael A., Hung, Shu‐Huei, Johnson, Kevin T. M., Graham, David W.
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Language:English
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Earth sciences
Earth, ocean, space
Exact sciences and technology
Internal geophysics
Marine
Solid-earth geophysics, tectonophysics, gravimetry
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container_issue B4
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container_title Journal of Geophysical Research
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creator Scheirer, Daniel S.
Forsyth, Donald W.
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description The Amsterdam‐St. Paul Plateau is bisected by the intermediate‐rate spreading Southeast Indian Ridge, and numerous geophysical and tectonic anomalies arise from the interactions of the Amsterdam‐St. Paul hotspot and the spreading center. The plate boundary geometry on the hotspot platform evolves rapidly (on timescales
doi_str_mv 10.1029/1999JB900407
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M. ; Graham, David W.</creator><creatorcontrib>Scheirer, Daniel S. ; Forsyth, Donald W. ; Conder, James A. ; Eberle, Michael A. ; Hung, Shu‐Huei ; Johnson, Kevin T. M. ; Graham, David W.</creatorcontrib><description>The Amsterdam‐St. Paul Plateau is bisected by the intermediate‐rate spreading Southeast Indian Ridge, and numerous geophysical and tectonic anomalies arise from the interactions of the Amsterdam‐St. Paul hotspot and the spreading center. The plate boundary geometry on the hotspot platform evolves rapidly (on timescales &lt;1 Myr), off‐axis volcanism is abundant, the seafloor does not deepen away from the axis, and transform faults do not have fracture zone extensions. Away from the hotspot platform the ridge‐transform geometry is typical of mid‐ocean ridges globally. In contrast, the Amsterdam‐St. Paul Plateau spreading segments are shorter, they often overlap each other significantly, and the intervening discontinuities are smaller, more ephemeral, and more migratory. Abyssal hills are smaller and less uniform on the hotspot platform than on neighboring spreading segments. From gravity and isostasy analysis the average thickness of the platform crust is ∼10 km, approximately 50% thicker than that of typical oceanic crust. Most of the isostatic compensation of the hotspot plateau occurs at the Moho or within the lower crust, and the effective elastic thickness of the plateau lithosphere is ∼1.6 km, less than half that of adjacent spreading segments. Away from the platform some transform faults contain intratransform spreading centers; on the platform the two transform faults have valleys which may be depocenters for abundant axial or off‐axis volcanism and mass wasting. Although not wellconstrained by magnetics coverage, the Amsterdam‐St. Paul hotspot appears to have been “captured” by the Southeast Indian Ridge, enhancing crustal production at the ridge since about 3.5 Ma. Prior to this time the hotspot formed a line of smaller, isolated volcanoes on older Australian plate. 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M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Graham, David W.</creatorcontrib><title>Anomalous seafloor spreading of the Southeast Indian Ridge near the Amsterdam-St. Paul Plateau</title><title>Journal of Geophysical Research</title><addtitle>J. Geophys. Res</addtitle><description>The Amsterdam‐St. Paul Plateau is bisected by the intermediate‐rate spreading Southeast Indian Ridge, and numerous geophysical and tectonic anomalies arise from the interactions of the Amsterdam‐St. Paul hotspot and the spreading center. The plate boundary geometry on the hotspot platform evolves rapidly (on timescales &lt;1 Myr), off‐axis volcanism is abundant, the seafloor does not deepen away from the axis, and transform faults do not have fracture zone extensions. Away from the hotspot platform the ridge‐transform geometry is typical of mid‐ocean ridges globally. 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Although not wellconstrained by magnetics coverage, the Amsterdam‐St. Paul hotspot appears to have been “captured” by the Southeast Indian Ridge, enhancing crustal production at the ridge since about 3.5 Ma. Prior to this time the hotspot formed a line of smaller, isolated volcanoes on older Australian plate. 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subjects Earth sciences
Earth, ocean, space
Exact sciences and technology
Internal geophysics
Marine
Solid-earth geophysics, tectonophysics, gravimetry
title Anomalous seafloor spreading of the Southeast Indian Ridge near the Amsterdam-St. Paul Plateau
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