Surgical management of anterior sacral meningoceles: an illustrated case series and review of the literature

• Published in: British journal of neurosurgery 2024-12, Vol.ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print), p.1-7
• Main Authors: Kamal, Muhmmad Ahmad, Eltayeb, Mohamed, Coulter, Ian, Jenkins, Alistair
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Abnormalities, Multiple; Adolescent; Adult; Anterior sacral meningocele; caudal dysgenesis; Female; Fistula; Humans; Laminectomy - methods; Literature reviews; Male; meningocele; Meningocele - diagnostic imaging; Meningocele - surgery; Neurosurgical Procedures - methods; Patients; posterior trans-sacral approach; Retrospective Studies; sacral meningocele; Sacrococcygeal Region - abnormalities; Sacrum - surgery; tethered cord; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0268-8697; 1360-046X; 1360-046X
• DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2022.2162852

Anterior sacral meningocele (ASM) is an uncommon variant of spinal dysraphism. Surgical correction for this condition is challenging and optimal corrective approaches are uncertain. To share our experience of managing this rare condition using the posterior trans-sacral approach and provide a contemporary review of the literature. Retrospective review of case notes, operative records, and imaging of eligible patients treated via the posterior trans-sacral approach between 2006 and 2020 at our regional neurosciences centre. Three patients, two females and one male with a mean age of 30 years (range 16-38), were treated. Presenting symptoms included lower abdominal pain and recurrent miscarriages. Patients underwent corrective surgery using the posterior approach involving a sacral laminectomy, durotomy and closure of the communicating fistula. A single patient required reoperation due to early recurrence. Another patient proved challenging because of a very large sacral fistula and required two procedures due to the development of high-pressure headaches secondary to a recurrence. All patients improved symptomatically postoperatively and remained symptom free at the last clinic follow-up and have been discharged. Following review of the literature, only two other non-syndromic cases have been described. ASM is an uncommon congenital abnormality, typically presenting with mass effect symptoms secondary to a presacral cystic mass. Surgical management using a posterior approach to close the meningeal sac is feasible and less invasive than an anterior approach. Long term clinical outcomes in our series were satisfactory.