Artificial intelligence-based multi-omics analysis fuels cancer precision medicine

• Published in: Seminars in cancer biology 2023-01, Vol.88, p.187-200
• Main Authors: He, Xiujing, Liu, Xiaowei, Zuo, Fengli, Shi, Hubing, Jing, Jing
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Artificial Intelligence; Cancer screening and diagnosis; Humans; Integration analysis; Multi-omics technologies; Multiomics; Neoplasms - diagnosis; Neoplasms - genetics; Neoplasms - therapy; Precision Medicine; Prognosis prediction; Response assessment; Transcriptome
• ISSN: 1044-579X; 1096-3650
• DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.12.009

With biotechnological advancements, innovative omics technologies are constantly emerging that have enabled researchers to access multi-layer information from the genome, epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, and more. A wealth of omics technologies, including bulk and single-cell omics approaches, have empowered to characterize different molecular layers at unprecedented scale and resolution, providing a holistic view of tumor behavior. Multi-omics analysis allows systematic interrogation of various molecular information at each biological layer while posing tricky challenges regarding how to extract valuable insights from the exponentially increasing amount of multi-omics data. Therefore, efficient algorithms are needed to reduce the dimensionality of the data while simultaneously dissecting the mysteries behind the complex biological processes of cancer. Artificial intelligence has demonstrated the ability to analyze complementary multi-modal data streams within the oncology realm. The coincident development of multi-omics technologies and artificial intelligence algorithms has fuelled the development of cancer precision medicine. Here, we present state-of-the-art omics technologies and outline a roadmap of multi-omics integration analysis using an artificial intelligence strategy. The advances made using artificial intelligence-based multi-omics approaches are described, especially concerning early cancer screening, diagnosis, response assessment, and prognosis prediction. Finally, we discuss the challenges faced in multi-omics analysis, along with tentative future trends in this field. With the increasing application of artificial intelligence in multi-omics analysis, we anticipate a shifting paradigm in precision medicine becoming driven by artificial intelligence-based multi-omics technologies.