Validation of an EGSnrc‐based Monte Carlo model for a complex 2D‐array for technical QA measurements of a linear accelerator

• Published in: Medical physics (Lancaster) 2023-04, Vol.50 (4), p.2552-2559
• Main Authors: Czarnecki, Damian, Zink, Klemens, Alissa, Mohamad, Flatten, Veronika, Espelage, Teresa, Schoenfeld, Andreas A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Computer Simulation; detector array; Magnetic Fields; Monte Carlo Method; Monte Carlo simulation; Particle Accelerators; photon beam; Photons; Radiometry - methods; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted - methods
• ISSN: 0094-2405; 2473-4209
• DOI: 10.1002/mp.16205

Purpose Multi‐axis ionization chamber arrays can be used for quality assurance (QA) and measurement of linear accelerator (linac) specific data. In this work, the ability of the IC Profiler (Sun Nuclear Corp., Melbourne, Florida) detector array to measure the photon beam quality specifier %dd(10)x$_\textrm {{\it x}}$ and TPR20, 10 was investigated. To investigate the method for beam energy QA using a two‐dimensional detector array, a Monte Carlo‐based model of the detector array was developed and validated. Methods A Monte Carlo‐based model of the IC Profiler detector array with Quad Wedge accessories was developed in detail from drawings provided by the manufacturer using the egs++ class library from the EGSnrc code system. Monte Carlo simulations were used to calculate the absorbed dose in the 251 ionization chambers of the IC profiler in the 6 MV Elekta Precise radiation field. To validate the results from the Monte Caro simulations, measurements were performed on clinical 6 MV linacs. To vary the photon beam quality of the Elekta 6 MV linac, the current of the bending magnet was varied. Furthermore, the area ratio AR$AR$ was calculated from IC Profiler measurements with the Quad Wedge accessories. Results Measurements as well as Monte Carlo simulations confirmed the linear relationship between the area ratio AR$AR$ and the investigated photon beam quality specifier %dd(10)x$_\textrm {{\it x}}$ and TPR20, 10 for the investigated radiation source. Furthermore, the Monte Carlo‐simulated data were within the 95% confidence interval of the linear fit to the measured data. This enabled the Monte Carlo‐based IC Profiler model to be used for further investigations. The AR$AR$ values were calculated for various electron beam sizes and the angle of incidence on the target of the linac. Conclusions A Monte‐Carlo‐based model of the detector array was developed, which could successfully reproduce measurements, demonstrating that even very complex geometries can be modeled in EGSnrc. Moreover, the study showed that the validated Monte Carlo model has the potential to investigate variations in beam parameters and their effects on AR ratios and %dd(10)x$_\textrm {{\it x}}$ that may not be investigated experimentally. While these findings may help users gain a deeper understanding of the QA method, the Monte Carlo model enables other complex investigations, such as the simulation of measurements in the presence of magnetic fields, or the simulation of measurements on n