Helical structure of the ventricular myocardium. A narrative review of cardiac mechanics

To date, the ventricular myocardial band is the anatomical‐functional model that best explains cardiac mechanics during systolic‐diastolic phenomena in the cardiac cycle. The implications of the model fundamentally affect the anatomical interpretation of the ventricular myocardium, giving meaning to...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2023-03, Vol.40 (3), p.161-173
Main Authors: Antúnez‐Montes, Omar Yassef, Kocica, Mladen J., Olavarria, Alberto Sosa, Corno, Antonio Francesco, Millan, Rocio Aceves, Rosales, Carlos Ixcamparij, Sanchez Aparicio, Hector Eduardo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
cardiac anatomy
cardiac physiology
cardiac strain
Diastole - physiology
echocardiography
Heart - physiology
Heart Ventricles
Humans
myocardial band
Myocardial Contraction - physiology
myocardial mechanics
Myocardium - pathology
ventricular function
Ventricular Function, Left - physiology
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Summary:To date, the ventricular myocardial band is the anatomical‐functional model that best explains cardiac mechanics during systolic‐diastolic phenomena in the cardiac cycle. The implications of the model fundamentally affect the anatomical interpretation of the ventricular myocardium, giving meaning to the direction that muscle fibers take, turning them into an object of study with potential clinical, imaging, and surgical applications. Re‐interpreting the anatomy of the ventricular muscle justifies changes in the physiological interpretation, from its functional focus as a fiber unraveling the mechanical phenomena carried out during systole and diastole. We identify the functioning of the heart from the electrical and hemodynamic point of view, but it is necessary to delve into the mechanics that originate the hemodynamic changes observed flowmetrically, and that manifested during the pathology. In this review, the mechanical phenomena that the myocardium performs in each phase of the cardiac cycle are broken down in detail, emphasizing the physical displacements that each of the muscle segments presents, as well as a vision of their alteration and in which pathologies they are mainly identified. Visually, an anatomical correlation to the echocardiogram is provided, pointing out the direction of the segmental myocardial displacement by the strain velocity vector technique.
ISSN:0742-2822
1540-8175
DOI:10.1111/echo.15515