Factors associated with exclusive formula feeding among individuals with low‐risk pregnancies in the United States

Background Better understanding of the factors associated with formula feeding during the hospital stay can help in identifying potential lactation problems and promote early intervention. Our aim was to ascertain factors associated with exclusive formula feeding in newborns of low‐risk pregnancies....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Birth (Berkeley, Calif.) Calif.), 2023-03, Vol.50 (1), p.90-98
Main Authors: Fishel Bartal, Michal, Huntley, Erin S., Chen, Han‐Yang, Huntley, Benjamin J. F., Wagner, Stephen M., Sibai, Baha M., Chauhan, Suneet P.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Births
Body mass index
Bottle feeding
Breast Feeding
breastfeeding
Breastfeeding & lactation
Diabetes
disparities
Early intervention
Female
formula feeding
Gestational age
Humans
Hypertension
Infant
Infant formula
Infant, Newborn
Insurance
Medicaid
Newborn babies
Parity
Pregnancy
Prenatal Care
Retrospective Studies
Risk factors
Secondary schools
Smoking
United States
Young Adult
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Summary:Background Better understanding of the factors associated with formula feeding during the hospital stay can help in identifying potential lactation problems and promote early intervention. Our aim was to ascertain factors associated with exclusive formula feeding in newborns of low‐risk pregnancies. Methods A population‐based, retrospective study using the United States vital statistics datasets (2014‐2018) evaluating low‐risk pregnancies with a nonanomalous singleton delivery from 37 to 41 weeks. People with hypertensive disorders, or diabetes, were excluded. Primary outcome was newborn feeding (breast vs exclusive formula feeding) during hospital stay. Adjusted relative risks (aRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results Of the 19 623 195 live births during the study period, 11 605 242 (59.1%) met inclusion criteria and among them, 1 929 526 (16.6%) were formula fed. Factors associated with formula feeding included: age 
ISSN:0730-7659
1523-536X
DOI:10.1111/birt.12707