Weight loss induces changes in adaptive thermogenesis in female and male physique athletes

Physique athletes lose substantial weight preparing for competitions, potentially altering systemic metabolism. We investigated sex differences in body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE), and appetite-regulating and thyroid hormone changes during a competition preparation among drug-free...

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Published in:Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism nutrition, and metabolism, 2023-04, Vol.48 (4), p.307-320
Main Authors: Isola, Ville, Hulmi, Juha J, Petäjä, Pirita, Helms, Eric R, Karppinen, Jari E, Ahtiainen, Juha P
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Athletes
Basal Metabolism
Body Composition
Energy Metabolism
Female
Females
Gender differences
Health aspects
Humans
Leptin
Male
Physiological aspects
Physiological research
Thermogenesis
Weight loss
Weight Loss - physiology
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Summary:Physique athletes lose substantial weight preparing for competitions, potentially altering systemic metabolism. We investigated sex differences in body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE), and appetite-regulating and thyroid hormone changes during a competition preparation among drug-free physique athletes. The participants were female (10 competing (COMP) and 10 nondieting controls (CTRL)) and male (13 COMP and 10 CTRL) physique athletes. COMP were tested before they started their diet 23 weeks before competing (PRE), during their diet one week before competing (MID), and 23 weeks after competing (POST), whereas CTRL were tested at similar intervals but did not diet. Measurements included body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, muscle size, and subcutaneous fat thickness (SFA) by ultrasound, REE by indirect calorimetry, circulating ghrelin, leptin T3, and T4 hormone analysis. Fat mass (FM) and SFA decreased in both sexes (  
ISSN:1715-5312
1715-5320
DOI:10.1139/apnm-2022-0372