Cross-reactivity analysis of milk proteins from different goat breeds with cow’s milk allergens using a proteomic approach

• Published in: Molecular immunology 2023-03, Vol.155, p.44-57
• Main Authors: Mansor, Muzammeer, Al-Obaidi, Jameel R., Ismail, Intan Hakimah, Abidin, Muhammad Azri Zainal, Zakaria, Atiqah Farah, Lau, Benjamin Yii Chung, Mohsin, Aliah Zannierah, Sukor, Rashidah, Selamat, Jinap, Mahmud, Nor Khaizura, Jambari, Nuzul Noorahya
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Allergens; Animals; Caseins; Cattle; Female; Goats; Goat’s milk allergen; Immunoblotting; Immunoglobulin E; Milk; Milk Hypersensitivity; Milk Proteins; Proteomic; Proteomics
• ISSN: 0161-5890; 1872-9142
• DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.12.016

Goat’s milk thought to be a good substitute for cow's milk protein allergic (CMPA) individuals. However, there is growing evidence that their proteins have cross-reactivities with cow's milk allergens. This study aimed to profile and compare milk proteins from different goat breeds that have cross-reactivity to cow's milk allergens. Proteomics was used to compare protein extracts of skim milk from Saanen, Jamnapari, and Toggenburg. Cow's milk was used as a control. IgE-immunoblotting and mass spectrometry were used to compare and identify proteins that cross-reacted with serum IgE from CMPA patients (n = 10). The analysis of IgE-reactive proteins revealed that the protein spots identified with high confidence were proteins homologous to common cow's milk allergens such as α-S1-casein (αS1-CN), β-casein (β-CN), κ-casein (κ-CN), and beta-lactoglobulin (β-LG). Jamnapari's milk proteins were found to cross-react with four major milk allergens: α-S1-CN, β-CN, κ-CN, and β-LG. Saanen goat's milk proteins, on the other hand, cross-reacted with two major milk allergens, α-S1-CN and β-LG, whereas Toggenburg goat's milk proteins only react with one of the major milk allergens, κ-CN. These findings may help in the development of hypoallergenic goat milk through cross-breeding strategies of goat breeds with lower allergenic milk protein contents. •Goat’s milk has cross-reactivities with cow's milk allergens.•Jamnapari's breed milk proteins cross-react with four major milk allergens: α-S1-CN, β-CN, κ-CN, and β-LG.•Saanen goat's milk proteins, on the other hand, cross-reacted with two major milk allergens, α-S1-CN and β-LG.•Toggenburg goat's milk proteins only react with one of the major milk allergens, κ-CN.