Silica-Carbon Nanocomposites-A New Concept for the Design of Solar Absorbers

• Published in: Advanced functional materials 2002-03, Vol.12 (3), p.197-202
• Main Authors: Mastai, Y., Polarz, S., Antonietti, M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Carbon; Hybrid materials; Nanocomposites; Silica mesoporous
• ISSN: 1616-301X; 1616-3028
• DOI: 10.1002/1616-3028(200203)12:3<197::AID-ADFM197>3.0.CO;2-A

To create materials that are composites or hybrids structured on the nanometer scale or the meso‐domain, respectively, is one of the major tasks in modern materials science. In this paper, we demonstrate general strategies on how to obtain these nanocomposites founded on the knowledge about ordered mesoporous materials. One strategy involves the formation of the composite by performing a chemical reaction in the pores of a pre‐formed ordered mesoporous silica while the other strategy uses compounds that first mold their porous environment in the silica and in a succeeding step react to the final composite. As a model system, here, we present the formation of porous silica–carbon hybrid materials. Besides this more general question, we also tackle the task of finding a suitable application for the obtained nanocomposites. We chose an application as selective solar‐absorber materials. Carbon–silica nanocomposites are effective solar energy absorbers with little energy loss to IR radiation. Two synthetic routes to such composites are reported: hydrolysis of tetramethylorthosilane (TMOS) in the presence of a cyclodextrin, and loading of porous silica with a phenol epoxy resin, both followed by thermal carbonization. The Figure shows a TEM image of a cyclodextrin‐derived composite.