The role of local inflammation in complications associated with intubation in pediatric patients: A narrative review

Although the most important primary local inflammatory response factor to intubation is not yet clear, it is known that it may be directly attributed to the presence of trauma during intubation or the response of oral bacterial flora present in the trachea. It is known that prolonged intubation is a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pediatric anesthesia 2023-06, Vol.33 (6), p.427-434
Main Authors: Amaya, Sebastian, Murillo, Marcelino, Gutiérrez Pérez, Martha L., Cervera, Hector S., Andrade, María J., Zuñiga, María A., Barreto, Natalia, Daza, María I., Carvajal, Luisa F., Alarcón, Catalina M., Aponte, Laura, Olbrecht, Vanessa A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
acquired airway
adverse events
age
anomalies
Child
child airway
child complications
Humans
Inflammation
Intubation
Intubation, Intratracheal - adverse effects
Pathophysiology
Pediatrics
Retrospective Studies
Trachea
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Summary:Although the most important primary local inflammatory response factor to intubation is not yet clear, it is known that it may be directly attributed to the presence of trauma during intubation or the response of oral bacterial flora present in the trachea. It is known that prolonged intubation is associated with worse outcomes, but other underlying systemic issues, such as sepsis and trauma, are also associated with this result. Likewise, patients who require advanced airway management and excessive manipulation are more likely to experience complications. There are various inflammatory mediators that are generated during orotracheal intubation, many of which can be considered targets for therapies to help reduce inflammation caused by intubation. However, there is little evidence on the management of the inflammatory response induced by orotracheal intubation in pediatric patients. Therefore, the aim of this narrative review is to highlight the intubation associated complications that can arise from poorly controlled inflammation in intubated pediatric patients, review the proposed pathophysiology behind this, and discuss the current treatments that exist. Finally, taking into account the discussion on pathophysiology, we describe the current therapies being developed and future directions that can be taken in order to create more treatment options within this patient population.
ISSN:1155-5645
1460-9592
DOI:10.1111/pan.14643