Next-generation sequencing-based HLA typing reveals the association of HLA-B46:01:01 and HLA-DRB109:01:02 alleles with carbamazepine-induced hypersensitivity reactions in Vietnamese patients with epilepsy

• Published in: Human immunology 2023-03, Vol.84 (3), p.186-195
• Main Authors: Bui, Thao Phuong, Nguyen, Linh Thi Tu, Le, Phuong Lan, Le, Nhan Thi Thanh, Nguyen, Thuy Doan, Van Nguyen, Lieu, Van Nguyen, Anh Thi, Trinh, Thai Hong
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alleles; Anticonvulsants - adverse effects; Carbamazepine; Carbamazepine - adverse effects; Drug Hypersensitivity - genetics; Epilepsy; Epilepsy - drug therapy; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Histocompatibility Testing; HLA-B Antigens - genetics; HLA-B46:01:01; HLA-DRB1 Chains - genetics; HLA-DRB109:01:02; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Southeast Asian People
• ISSN: 0198-8859; 1879-1166
• DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2023.01.005

Several studies have reported an association between certain human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and carbamazepine (CBZ)-induced hypersensitivity reactions in patients with epilepsy. Here, the relationship between the clinical spectrum and the HLA allele profiles in patients with CBZ-induced hypersensitivity reactions was investigated using next-generation sequence (NGS) data obtained from 65 Vietnamese patients with epilepsy, including 33 with CBZ-tolerance and 32 patients with CBZ-hypersensitivity, in which only 8 with severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions and 24 were mild-hypersensitive patients. Three loci of HLA class I (HLA-A, -B, and -C) and two loci of HLA class II (HLA-DQA1 and -DRB1) were included in our analysis. We observed a higher prevalence of three alleles, HLA-B*46:01:01, HLA-DQA1*03:02:01, and HLA-DRB1*09:01:02, in the CBZ hypersensitivity group compared to that in the CBZ tolerant group. Notably, all hypersensitive patients with HLA-DQA1*03:02:01 also harbored HLA-DRB1*09:01:02. We also used molecular modeling to gain mechanistic insight into the interactions of HLA-B*46:01 and HLA-DRB1*09:01 with CBZ. Our findings proposed the direct interaction of CBZ with peptide-binding pockets of these HLA proteins. The sensitivity and specificity of HLA-B*46:01:01 in considering with the appearance of HLA-DRB1*09:01:02 were 46.88% and 84.85%, respectively. Our data suggest that the presence of HLA-B*46:01:01/HLA-DRB1*09:01:02 is a potential marker of CBZ-induced hypersensitivity reactions in Vietnamese patients.