Divergent Energy-Climate Nexus in the Global Fuel Combustion Processes

Fuel combustion provides basic energy for the society but also produces CO2 and incomplete combustion products that threaten human survival, climate change, and global sustainability. A variety of fuels burned in different facilities expectedly have distinct impacts on climate, which remains to be q...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental science & technology 2023-02, Vol.57 (6), p.2506-2515
Main Authors: Jiang, Ke, Men, Yatai, Xing, Ran, Fu, Bo, Shen, Guofeng, Li, Bengang, Tao, Shu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Air Pollution
Carbon dioxide
Climate change
Coal
Coal - analysis
Combustion
Combustion products
Developing countries
Emission analysis
Emission inventories
Emissions control
Energy and Climate
Energy industry
Energy policy
Energy transition
Energy utilization
Environmental policy
Fuel combustion
Fuels
Heterogeneity
Humans
LDCs
Physical Phenomena
Pollution control
Radiative forcing
Residential areas
Spatial heterogeneity
Sulfur
Sustainability
Transportation industry
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Summary:Fuel combustion provides basic energy for the society but also produces CO2 and incomplete combustion products that threaten human survival, climate change, and global sustainability. A variety of fuels burned in different facilities expectedly have distinct impacts on climate, which remains to be quantitatively assessed. This study uses updated emission inventories and an earth system model to evaluate absolute and relative contributions in combustion emission-associated climate forcing by fuels, sectors, and regions. We showed that, from 1970 to 2014, coal burned in the energy sector and oil used in the transportation sector contributed comparable energies consumed (24 and 20% of the total) but had distinct climate forcing (1 and 40%, respectively). Globally, coal burned for energy production had negative impacts on climate forcing but positive effects in the residential sector. In many developing countries, coal combustion in the energy sector had negative radiative forcing (RF) per unit energy consumed due to insufficient controls on sulfur and scattering aerosol levels, but oils in the transportation sector had high positive RF values. These results had important implications on the energy transition and emission reduction actions in response to climate change. Distinct climate efficiencies of energies and the spatial heterogeneity implied differentiated energy utilization strategies and pollution control policies by region and sector.
ISSN:0013-936X
1520-5851
DOI:10.1021/acs.est.2c08958