Assessment of Saudi Females' Knowledge Regarding Human Papillomavirus Infection, Screening, and Available Methods for Prevention: A Cross-Sectional Study in Qassim Region

• Published in: Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) CA), 2023-01, Vol.15 (1), p.e33311-e33311
• Main Authors: Alqarawi, Sohail A, Aljarbooa, Emad F, Almuqaytib, Ahmed Y, Alomar, Ibrahim A, Altwaijri, Mosaid H, Aldakhil, Abdullah Y, Altowaijri, Abdullah H
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Age groups; Attitudes; Cervical cancer; Cross-sectional studies; Disease prevention; Females; Human papillomavirus; Immunization; Infections; Knowledge; Medical screening; Pap smear; Questionnaires; Sociodemographics; Vaccines; Warts; Womens health
• ISSN: 2168-8184; 2168-8184
• DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33311

Introduction Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are known to be the main culprit of cervical cancer. It is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. In recent years, it has begun to spread more widely in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia's Ministry of Health recently added HPV vaccination for women to the list of recommended vaccinations. Aim This study aimed to assess Saudi females' knowledge regarding HPV infection, screening, and the available tools for prevention in Qassim, Saudi Arabia. Subject and methods This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among women living in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. A self-administered pre-structured questionnaire was distributed among the targeted women using an online platform. The questionnaire includes socio-demographic characteristics (i.e. age, education, occupation, etc.) knowledge questionnaire and a questionnaire about the attitude toward HPV protection. The minimum required sample size was 385. This means 385 or more measurements/surveys are needed to have a confidence level of 95% that the real value is within ±5% of the measured/surveyed value. All females aged 18 years and above who are living in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia were included in our study. Males are excluded from this study. All data analyses were performed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0, Armonk, NY). Results Of the 387 women involved, 52.2% were aged between 18 and 25 years old. The prevalence of women who have heard of HPV was 49.1%. Fifty-four percent were willing to accept HPV vaccination if offered. The overall mean knowledge score was 3.56 (SD 2.51) out of 11 points. Poor knowledge levels constituted most of the women (71.1%), 24.5% had moderate knowledge and only 4.4% were considered good. Increased awareness was more prevalent in younger women, more educated, those who underwent Pap smear, and those who were willing to accept HPV vaccination. Conclusion The awareness of women toward HPV infection was deficient. Younger women who had a better education and who are willing to receive HPV vaccination were more likely to demonstrate better awareness levels toward HPV infection as compared to the rest of the women. More research is needed to establish the level of awareness among women in our region.